Threonine

Update on amino acids in high fiber diets: Threonine and branch chained amino acids

Kwon W. B., and H. H. Stein. 2019. Update on amino acids in high fiber diets: Threonine and branch chained amino acids. Midwest Swine Nutr. Conf. Indianapolis, IN, Sep. 4, 2019, p. 11-17. Link to full text

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Effects of high neutral detergent fiber diets on the nitrogen balance of pigs fed threonine-limited diets

Mathai, J. K., H. L. Spangler, H. H. Stein, and K. J. Touchette. 2017. Effects of high neutral detergent fiber diets on the nitrogen balance of pigs fed threonine-limited diets. J. Anim. Sci. 95(Suppl. 5):136 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of dietary fiber on the ideal standardized ileal digestible threonine:lysine ratio for twenty-five to fifty kilogram growing gilts

Mathai, J. K, J. K. Htoo, J. E. Thomson, K. J. Touchette, and H. H. Stein. 2016. Effects of dietary fiber on the ideal standardized ileal digestible threonine:lysine ratio for twenty-five to fifty kilogram growing gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 94:4217-4230. Link to full text (.pdf)

Effects of dietary fiber on the optimum threonine:lysine ratio for 25- to 50-kg gilts

Mathai, J. K., J. K. Htoo, J. Thomson, K. J. Touchette, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effects of dietary fiber on the optimum threonine:lysine ratio for 25- to 50-kg gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. s3):298 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of fiber on the optimal threonine:lysine ratio for 25 to 50 kg growing gilts

Use of high-fiber, low-cost ingredients, such as co-products from grain processing industries, in swine diets is increasing. Pigs fed diets containing high levels of fiber have increased intestinal mass due to increased amount of microbial fermentation in the hindgut. Therefore, they also have increased endogenous loss of amino acids in the form of mucins, the proteins that line the intestinal tract. The abrasiveness of fiber stimulates the secretion of mucins as well. These factors may cause the threonine requirement to be increased in high fiber diets, because threonine is present in large amounts in mucins. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary fiber on the optimum threonine:lysine ratio (Thr:Lys) in 25 to 50 kg growing gilts.

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Amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: Terminology and application

Stein, H. H., B. Sève, M. F. Fuller, P. J. Moughan, and C. F. M. de Lange. 2007. Invited review: Amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: Terminology and application. J. Anim. Sci. 85:172-180.  Link to full text (.pdf)