Hello everyone, my name is Jessica Acosta. I'm an animal science student from National
University of Colombia and visiting scholar in the monogastric nutrition laboratory of Dr.
Hans Stein. And today, I will talk about a research that we conduct about ileal
digestibility of amino acids in a new source of distillers dried grains with solubles, or
DDGS, fed to growing pigs.

I will start with some take-home messages that I want you to remember until the end of the
presentation. We observed a new DDGS that has greater concentration and standardized ileal
digestibility of crude protein and amino acids. Therefore, this new DDGS is better than
conventional DDGS as a protein source.

Now I will start with a brief introduction about what is distillers dried grains with
solubles, or DDGS, and its production. Distillers dried grains with solubles is a
co-product of dry ground ethanol production, mostly using corn. The corn is fermented and
distilled using its fermentable portion, and the unfermentable portion become the
coproduct of this production. DDGS is used as an ingredient for animal feeds and is well
documented as an energy and protein supplement. However, due to the hybrids of the corn,
the origins of the grain, and the technologies used to obtain the DDGS, it can have
different quality and nutrient content.

To produce DDGS, corn is ground, cooked, liquified, and fermented to be distilled to
produce ethanol. Then the stillage is centrifugated to produce wet distillers grains and
distillers solubles that will be dried together to have DDGS.

We have a new source of DDGS called ProCap that is developed taking high protein and low
fiber fractions from the solubles and drying it separately.

We don't have too many data about ProCap DDGS. Therefore, our objective was to test the
hypothesis that the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids is greater for ProCap
DDGS than conventional DDGS.

Let's move on to the materials and methods. We used 9 growing pigs that had installed a
t-cannula in the distal ileum, located in individual pens with a feeder and nipple. We
used a triplicated 3x3 Latin square design with 3 periods and 3 treatments. We formulated
three diets using each DDGS as a sole source of amino acids in the diet and a
nitrogen-free diet to determine basal endogenous losses. Each diet had 0.4% of chromium
oxide as an indigestible marker. We used periods of 6 days; the first 4 days were the
adaptation period and the last 2 days were the collection period. We collected ileal
digesta using a plastic bag attached to the cannula with a cable tie. We started the
collection opening the cannula two hours after we feed the animals in the morning. We
collect the bags at least every 30 minutes and we freeze the ileal digesta. At the end of
the collection, we de-freeze and took a subsample to analyze in the lab.

In the lab, we freeze-dried and ground the ileal digesta and analyzed for dry matter,
crude protein, amino acids and chromium. A sample of each diet was analyzed for dry
matter, crude protein amino acids, and chromium. Also, each DDGS was analyzed for dry
mater, crude protein, fat, fiber, and amino acids. We calculated apparent ileal
digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility using the data from dry matter, crude
protein, amino acids, and chromium from the diets and the ileal digesta.

We made the data analysis using Proc Mixed of SAS with DDGS source as fixed effect and
square, period, and animal as random effects.

Let's move on to the results. I'm going to start with the nutrient composition. Before, I
would like to set up this slide. The color orange represents ProCap DDGS and color blue
represents conventional DDGS. We observe that ProCap DDGS has greater concentration of dry
matter, fat, and crude protein than conventional DDGS and has less total dietary fiber.

When we look at the digestibility of crude protein, we observe that ProCap has greater
apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility than conventional DDGS.

Moving on to apparent ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids, we observe that
for all the amino acids, ProCap DDGS has greater concentration than conventional DDGS.

When we look at standardized ileal digestibility, we observe the same trend than in the
last slide, with significant differences in lysine and threonine. Literature says that
when the digestibility of threonine is less than digestibility of lysine, it indicates
heat damage. We observed for conventional DDGS that the standardized ileal digestibility
values of threonine is less than lysine values; therefore, conventional DDGS had heat
damage. However, ProCap DDGS values of lysine are greater than threonine values.
Therefore, ProCap DDGS did not have heat damage in its production.

When we look at the standardized ileal digestibility of dispensable amino acids, we
observe that ProCap DDGS has greater values than conventional DDGS with the exception of
proline, that did not have significant differences.

Now I would like to show you the comparison between ProCap DDGS and conventional DDGS in
terms of digestible amino acids. We observed greater concentration of digestible amino
acids for ProCap DDGS for all the indispensable amino acids.

Due to the main protein source in diets for pigs is soybean meal, I would like to show you
the difference between ProCap DDGS and soybean meal of digestible amino acids. We observed
that soybean meal has greater concentration of lysine, threonine, and tryptophan than
ProCap DDGS, but less concentration of methionine and valine.

I would like to leave you with some conclusions. We observed that ProCap DDGS has greater
concentrations of crude protein and amino acids and greater standardized ileal
digestibility values of crude protein and amino acids. Therefore, ProCap DDGS is a better
protein source than conventional DDGS.

To conclude, if we use ProCap DDGS in diets for pigs, we can reduce the inclusion of
soybean meal in the diets.

Thank you so much for listening. Thank you to my co-workers and for Marquis Energy for the
funding. And if you want to know more about us, you can see our website
nutrition.ansci.illinois.edu. Thank you.