Sespere

Excessive heat treatment of distillers dried grains with solubles reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also concentrations of metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a co-product of ethanol production that is often used in diets fed to pigs because of a relatively high concentration of amino acids (AA), energy, and digestible phosphorus. However, during the cooking and drying steps, the high temperature and concentration of moisture makes DDGS susceptible to the Maillard reactions, resulting in formation of sugar-amino acid complexes. Maillard reaction products result in reduced standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), with Lys being the most sensitive AA. However, there is limited information about how heating affects the concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME). Therefore, the objective of these experiments were to test the hypothesis that both the degree of heating and the time that heat is applied will affect the concentration of DE and ME and the SID of AA in DDGS fed to growing pigs.

Keywords: 
Heat treatment DDGS, AA digestibility, ME, Growing pigs
Authors: 
Sespere, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Excessive heat treatment of double-low rapeseed meal reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also concentrations of metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

Double-low rapeseed meal (RSM) is currently used as a protein ingredient in animal diets. Heat treatment of RSM at varying processing conditions removes the residual hexane and efficiently reduces the glucosinolate content. However, variations in heat processing temperatures and duration of heat treatment may result in Maillard reactions, resulting in the formation of sugar-amino acid complexes. Maillard reaction products result in reduced standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), with Lys being the most sensitive AA. However, there is limited information about how heating affects the concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME). Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that both the degree of heating and the time that heat is applied will affect the concentration of DE and ME and the SID of AA in double-low RSM fed to growing pigs.

Keywords: 
Heat treatment, Rapeseed meal, Digestibility, Metabolizable energy, Growing pigs
Authors: 
Sespere, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Crystalline amino acids in diets used to determine the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients fed to pigs do not influence calculated values for amino acid digestibility

Protein and amino acids quality in feed ingredient is most correctly evaluated by determining the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids. Experiments to determine the SID of CP and amino acids in feed ingredients often utilize semi-synthetic diets that contain the test ingredient as the sole source of CP and amino acids. Therefore, the CP and amino acid supply from experimental diets do not always meet the requirement for standardized ileal digestible amino acids by pigs and, therefore, pig growth is often limited in these experiments.

Crystalline amino acids are believed to be rapidly absorbed and 100% digestible. Addition of crystalline amino acids to diets during the adaptation or collection phase is, therefore, believed not to influence values for SID of amino acids in the test feed ingredient, but this has not been experimentally verified. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of crystalline amino acids to diets during the adaptation or collection periods of digestibility studies will not influence calculated values for SID of CP and amino acids in corn and soybean meal. 

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Sandardized ileal digestibility, Pigs
Authors: 
Sespere, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports