Stein, H. H., G. A. Casas, J. J. Abelilla, Y. Liu, and R. C. Sulabo. 2015. Nutritional value of high fiber co-products from the copra, palm kernel, and rice industries in diets fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 6:56. Link to full text (.pdf)

Almaguer, B. L., R. C. Sulabo, Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in copra meal, palm kernel expellers, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 92:2473-2480. Link to full text (.pdf)

Jaworski, N. W., J. C. González-Vega, and H. H. Stein. 2013. Growth performance of weanling pigs fed diets containing copra meal, palm kernel expellers, or palm kernel meal. J. Anim. Sci 91(E-Suppl. 2):706 (Abstr.) Link to abstract

Palm kernel meal is a coproduct of the production of palm kernel oil. Although the amino acid profile and digestibility in palm kernel meal are less favorable than in soybean meal, it can provide significant protein in swine diets and may be used to reduce feed costs.

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that palm kernel meal may replace some corn and soybean meal in phase 2 diets fed to weanling pigs without negatively affecting growth performance.

Sulabo, R. C., W. S. Ju, and H. H. Stein. 2011. Amino acid digestibility and energy content of copra expellers, palm kernel expellers, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):99 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)