Direct-fed microbials

Inclusion of the direct-fed microbial Clostridium butyricum in diets for weanling pigs increases growth performance and tends to increase villus height and crypt depth, but does not change intestinal microbial abundance

Casas, Gloria A., Laia Blavi, Tzu-Wen L. Cross, Anne H. Lee, Kelly S. Swanson, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. Inclusion of the direct-fed microbial Clostridium butyricum in diets for weanling pigs increases growth performance and tends to increase villus height and crypt depth, but does not change intestinal microbial abundance. Journal of Animal Science, 2020, 1–12. doi:10.1093/jas/skz372.

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Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis on ileal digestibility of AA and total tract digestibility of CP and gross energy in diets fed to growing pigs

Blavi Laia, Jens N. Jørgensen, and Hans H. Stein. 2019. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis on ileal digestibility of AA and total tract digestibility of CP and gross energy in diets fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 2019.97:727–734. Link to full text.

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Effects of two direct fed microbials on ileal digestibility of amino acids and total tract digestibility of crude protein and gross energy in diets fed to growing pigs

Direct fed microbials (DFM) are defined as live microorganisms that offer a health benefit for the host when administered in appropriate and regular quantities. Bacillus-based DFM are aerobic, spore-forming bacteria that may enhance the host animal’s immune response and improve growth performance in weanling pigs. Bacillus spp. also produce extracellular enzymes that may enhance digestibility and absorption of nutrients.

An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test the hypothesis that two DFM containing Bacillus strains (provided by Chr. Hansen A/S, Horsholm, Denmark) improve the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA, CP, and GE, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP and GE, and hindgut digestibility of CP and GE when fed to growing pigs.

 

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Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review

Yanhong Liu, Charmaine D. Espinosa, Jerubella J. Abelilla, Gloria A. Casas, L. Vanessa Lagos, Su A. Lee, Woong B. Kwon, John K. Mathai, Diego M.D.L. Navarro, Neil W. Jaworski, Hans H. Stein. 2018. Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review. Anim. Nutr. 4:113-125. Link to full text (.pdf)

Effects of a multistrain Bacillus spp. direct-fed microbial and protease combination at different doses on apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs fed corn–soybean meal–based diets – A combined analysis of two studies

Walsh, M. C., L. Payling, I. H. Kim, and H. H. Stein. 2017. Effects of a multistrain Bacillus spp. direct-fed microbial and protease combination at different doses on apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs fed corn–soybean meal–based diets – A combined analysis of two studies. J. Anim. Sci. 95(Suppl. 5):141 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of a 3 strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial and dietary fiber concentration on growth performance and expression of genes related to absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids in weanling pigs

Jaworski, N. W., A. Owusu-Asiedu, M. C. Walsh, J. C. McCann, J. J. Loor, and H. H. Stein. 2017. Effects of a 3 strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial and dietary fiber concentration on growth performance and expression of genes related to absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci 95:308-319. Link to full text (.pdf)

Effect of a 3-Strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on relative tissue gene expression in nursery and finishing pigs fed low- or high-fiber diets

Jaworski, N. W., M. C. Walsh, and H. H. Stein. 2016. Effect of a 3-Strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on relative tissue gene expression in nursery and finishing pigs fed low- or high-fiber diets. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 2):83 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of fiber, a direct-fed microbial, and feeding duration on ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by pigs

Jaworski, N. W., M. C. Walsh, and H. H. Stein. 2016. Effects of fiber, a direct-fed microbial, and feeding duration on ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 2):73-74 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effect of a 3 strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on growth performance and intestinal concentrations of volatile fatty acids in nursery pigs fed low- or high-fiber diets

Increasing the inclusion of dietary fiber in nursery pig diets may stimulate beneficial gut microbiota and reduce post-weaning diarrhea. However, the digestibility of nutrients and energy is decreased in high fiber diets. Nursery pigs fed diets high in fiber have been shown to have reduced ADFI and G:F.

Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) secrete a large amount and a wide variety of fiber degrading enzymes. It is thought that feeding DFM may offset some of the negative effects of  a high fiber diet. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of a Bacillus-based DFM will increase fermentation of dietary fiber and improve growth performance when fed to nursery pigs.

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Effect of a 3-strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on growth performance and volatile fatty acid production in nursery pigs fed low or high fiber diets

Jaworski, N. W., A. Owusu-Asiedu, A. Awati, A. Thomas, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effect of a 3-strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on growth performance and volatile fatty acid production in nursery pigs fed low or high fiber diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. s3):856 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effect of a 3-strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on growth performance, volatile fatty acid production, carcass characteristics, and gastrointestinal tract weights in growing-finishing pigs fed low or high fiber diets

Jaworski, N. W., A. Owusu-Asiedu, A. Awati, A. Thomas, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effect of a 3-strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on growth performance, volatile fatty acid production, carcass characteristics, and gastrointestinal tract weights in growing-finishing pigs fed low or high fiber diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. s3):856 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effect of Bacillus spp. direct-fed microbial supplementation on the nutrient digestibility by weanling pigs

Owusu-Asiedu, A., N. W. Jaworski, A. A. Awati, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Effect of Bacillus spp. direct-fed microbial supplementation on the nutrient digestibility by weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):143 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effect of Bacillus spp. direct-fed microbials on fecal VFA concentrations, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Jaworski, N. W., A. Owusu-Asiedu, A. A. Awati, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Effect of Bacillus spp. direct-fed microbials on fecal VFA concentrations, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):56 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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