Hans H. Stein

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The growing area within the United States has only minor impact on digestible and metabolizable energy, and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in full-fat soybeans fed to growing pigs

Ruiz-Arias, N. C., S. A. Lee, H. H. Stein. 2025.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Full-fat soybean, Phosphorus, pig

Authors:

Publication Type:

Energy, pistachio blanks, Wheat middlings

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Digestibility of energy by growing pigs and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in diets containing pistachio blanks

As the production of pistachios grows globally, more co-products are produced every year. Pistachio blanks are pistachio fruits that float in water because the shells are hollow and therefore cannot be used for human food. Pistachio blanks is a high fiber ingredient, which is comparable to wheat middlings. The annual production is 50,000 to 70,000 tons, but is growing. Pistachio blanks have been viewed as a waste product from the pistachio processing sector, but it is possible this feed ingredient can provide nutrients for animals and be used in animal diets. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, dry matter, ash, and total dietary fiber in pistachio blank powder is not different from that of wheat middlings if included in diets for growing pigs.

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Authors:

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Digestible and metabolizable energy in soybean meal and soybean hulls when fed to growing pigs or sows

Values for digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in feed ingredients are usually determined in growing pigs and subsequently applied to all groups of pigs. Results of recent research, however, indicate that the energy content of soybean meal (SBM) is greater than previously thought when fed to growing pigs. This increase in energy may be due to changes in the pigs themselves or differences in methodology, but there are no recent experiments assessing DE and ME in SBM when fed to sows. Therefore, it remains unclear if sows also have greater DE and ME in SBM compared with current book values. Likewise, there are no recent data for the DE and ME in soybean hulls although soybean hulls are often added to diets for gestating sows. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that gestating and lactating sows have greater DE and ME in SBM and soybean hulls than growing pigs and that DE and ME in SBM fed to both growing pigs and sows are greater than current book values. The second hypothesis was that there is no difference in apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and DE between gestating and lactating sows.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Sows, Soybean hulls, Soybean meal

Authors:

Yeonwoo, Lee, Stein

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Read more about Digestible and metabolizable energy in soybean meal and soybean hulls when fed to growing pigs or sows

True metabolizable energy, standardized amino acid digestibility, and digestibility of phosphorus in soybean expellers produced from conventional or high-oil varieties of soybeans fed to chickens

Cristobal, M., P. L. Utterback, H. H. Stein, C. M. Parsons. 2025. True metabolizable energy, standardized amino acid digestibility, and digestibility of phosphorus in soybean expellers produced from conventional or high-oil varieties of soybeans fed to chickens. Poultry Science 104 (2025) 104726. doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104726 Link to full text.

Keywords:

Amino Acid, Digestibility, Energy, Phosphorus, Soybean expellers

Authors:

Cristobal, Utterback, Stein, Parsons

Publication Type:

Read more about True metabolizable energy, standardized amino acid digestibility, and digestibility of phosphorus in soybean expellers produced from conventional or high-oil varieties of soybeans fed to chickens

Full-fat soybeans: Valuable source of energy, digestible P for pigs

Ruiz-Arias, N. C., S. A Lee, and H. H. Stein. 2024. Full-fat soybeans: Valuable source of energy, digestible P for pigs. National Hog Farmer. On-line edition. Oct. 31, 2024. Link to full text.

Keywords:

Feed, Full fat soybeans, Energy, Phosphorus, Pigs

Authors:

Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

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Determination of energy values in pistachio shell powder and soybean hulls fed to gestating and lactating sows

Kim, Yeonwoo, Su A. Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2024. Determination of energy values in pistachio shell powder and soybean hulls fed to gestating and lactating sows. Translational Animal Science, 2024, 8, txae135. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae135 Link to full text.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Fiber, pistachio shell powder, Sows, Soybean hulls

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Empirical validation of implementing high energy in soybean meal: soybean oil equivalence of soybean meal in diets fed to growing pigs

Ibagon, J. A., S. A. Lee, and H. H. Stein. 2024. Empirical validation of implementing high energy in soybean meal: soybean oil equivalence of soybean meal in diets fed to growing pigs. In: 75th Annual Meeting of the EAAP, Florence, Italy, Sep. 1-5, 2024.

Keywords:

Energy, Soybean meal, Diets, Growing pigs

Authors:

Ibagon, Lee, Stein

Publication Type:

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Exogenous xylanase increases total tract digestibility of energy and fiber in diets for gestating and lactating sows, but does not influence reproductive performance of sows

Acosta, Jessica P., Charmaine D. Espinosa, Gemma Gonzalez-Ortiz, Sofia Gonzalez-LasHeras, Maria J. Rodríguez-Lagunas, Francisco J. Perez-Cano, Hans H. Stein. 2024.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Fiber, reproductive performance, Sows, Xylanase

Authors:

Acosta, Espinosa, Gonzalez-Ortiz, Gonzalez-LasHeras, Rodríguez-Lagunas, Perez-Cano, Stein

Publication Type:

Read more about Exogenous xylanase increases total tract digestibility of energy and fiber in diets for gestating and lactating sows, but does not influence reproductive performance of sows

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and concentration of metabolizable energy in three sources of corn protein fed to weanling pigs

Ruiz-Arias, Nelson C., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2024. Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and concentration of metabolizable energy in three sources of corn protein fed to weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci Vol. 102, Suppl. S2. P 94 - 95. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.106 Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Amino acids, corn protein, Energy

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Concentrations of energy in pistachio shell powder fed to gestating sows and lactating sows

Kim, Yeonwoo, Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2024. Concentrations of energy in pistachio shell powder fed to gestating sows and lactating sows. J. Anim. Sci Vol. 102, Suppl. S2. P 90 - 91. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.102 Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Energy, pistachio shell, Sows

Authors:

Publication Type:

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolizable energy in three sources of high-protein corn distillers dried grains fed to weanling pigs

Ruiz-Arias, N. C., S. A. Lee, H. H. Stein. 2024. Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolizable energy in three sources of high-protein corn distillers dried grains fed to weanling pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 313, 115985. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.115985 Link to full text.

Keywords:

Amino acids, Digestibility, Energy, High-protein distillers dried grains, pig

Authors:

Publication Type:

Interactive effects of reducing particle size and extrusion on energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy in corn fed to young pigs

Particle size reduction in cereal grains often results in an improved digestibility of starch due to increased surface area of grains, which subsequently increases the interaction with digestive enzymes. Improvement in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) upon particle size reduction has also been demonstrated in corn and a number of other ingredients when fed to weanling or growing-finishing pigs.

Keywords:

Corn, Digestibility, Energy, Extrusion, Particle size

Authors:

Marshall, Lee, Stein

Publication Type:

Apparent ileal digestibility, Energy, Growing pigs, meta-analysis, novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant

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The Effect of a Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-Phytase Variant on Ileal Digestibility of Energy in Growing Pigs: Meta-Analysis of 4 Trials

Velayudhan, Deepak E., Ester Vinyeta-Punti, Rachael Hardy, Leon Marchal, Charles Martin Nyachoti, Hans H. Stein, Yueming Dersjant-Li. 2023. The Effect of a Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-Phytase Variant on Ileal Digestibility of Energy in Growing Pigs: Meta-Analysis of 4 Trials. J. Anim. Sci., Volume 101, Issue Supplement_2, November 2023, Pages 117–118, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.131. Link to abstract.

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Authors:

Velayudhan, Vinyeta-Punti, Hardy, Marchal, Nyachoti, Stein, Dersjant-Li

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Concentrations of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy, Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids, and Digestibility of Phosphorus in a New Variety of Soybeans Fed to Growing Pigs

Cristobal, Minoy A., Carl M. M. Parsons, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Concentrations of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy, Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids, and Digestibility of Phosphorus in a New Variety of Soybeans Fed to Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 51 - 52, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.056. Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Amino acids, Digestibility, Energy, Phosphorus, Soybean meal

Authors:

Cristobal, Parsons, Stein

Publication Type:

Concentration of Digestible Energy in Corn-Based Diets Fed to Gestating and Lactating Sows is Increased by Adding Xylanase to the Diets

Acosta Medellin, Jessica P., Charmaine D. Espinosa, Gemma Gonzalez Ortiz, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Concentration of Digestible Energy in Corn-Based Diets Fed to Gestating and Lactating Sows is Increased by Adding Xylanase to the Diets. J. Anim. Sci., Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 35–36, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.040. Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Dietary fiber, Energy, Sows, Xylanase

Authors:

Acosta, Espinosa, González, Stein

Publication Type:

Digestibility of energy by gestating and lactating sows and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in diets containing pistachio shell powder or soybean hulls

California is a leading producer of pistachios in the United States and globally and it is estimated that annual production will reach 2.08 billion pounds in 2031. As a result, about 31.2 million pounds of shells will be produced after the nuts are processed for human consumption. Pistachio shells have been viewed as a waste product and are frequently disposed of using ecologically friendly practices. However, it is possible that pistachio shell powder can be used as a high fiber ingredient for swine. Specifically, gestating sows may benefit from the high fiber concentration in pistachio shell powder because this may increase satiety and reduce stress. However, at this time, there is no information about the nutritional value of pistachio shell powder when fed to sows. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in pistachio shell powder are not different from those in soybean hulls when fed to gestating sows. The second hypothesis was that the ATTD of GE and DE in pistachio shell powder are not different from those in soybean hulls when fed to lactating sows.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, hulls, pistachio shell, Sows, Soybean hulls

Authors:

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Metabolizable energy and apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients differ among samples of sunflower meal and sunflower expellers fed to growing pigs

Ibagon, Jimena A., Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2023. Metabolizable energy and apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients differ among samples of sunflower meal and sunflower expellers fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 101, 1–8. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad117. Link to full text.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Fat, pig, Sunflower expellers, Sunflower meal

Authors:

Ibagon, Lee, Stein

Publication Type:

Effects of corn hardness and drying temperature on digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to growing pigs

Espinosa, Charmaine D., Joaquin Cabañas-Ojeda, Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón, and Hans H. Stein. 2023. Effects of corn hardness and drying temperature on digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 101: 1–9. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad124. Link to full text.

Keywords:

Amino acids, Corn, Digestibility, drying temperature, Energy, Pigs

Authors:

Espinosa, Cabañas-Ojeda, Oviedo-Rondón, Stein

Publication Type:

Exogenous xylanase increases digestibility of energy and fiber in diets for gestating and lactating sows

Exogenous enzymes may improve the fermentability of dietary fiber in swine diets by hydrolyzing non-starch polysaccharides into oligosaccharides and sugars. In particular, the enzyme xylanase hydrolyzes the β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds between the xylose units in the backbone of arabinoxylans in cereal grains and grain coproducts, resulting in the release of a combination of xylose, arabinose, and xylo-oligosaccharides from arabinoxylans that can be fermented by pigs. Previous data indicate that xylanase increased the degradation of dietary fiber and increased energy digestibility in diets for growing pigs; however, there are limited data for the impact of xylanase on energy and fiber digestibility in gestating and lactating sows. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that exogenous xylanase added to diets for gestating and lactating sows will increase the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and increase the concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) during two reproductive cycles.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Fiber, Sows, Xylanase

Authors:

Acosta, Espinosa, Gonzalez-Ortiz, Stein

Publication Type: