Phytase

Effect of phytase, fiber, and fat on calculated values for apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in fish meal

The presence of phytate in swine diets reduces the digestibility of calcium because phytate is able to bind calcium from organic sources and some inorganic sources, making it inaccessible to the pig. Microbial phytase breaks down phytate and increases the availability of calcium. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of microbial phytase increases the apparent (ATTD) and standardized (STTD) total tract digestibility of calcium in fish meal in diets containing phytate from corn and corn germ.

Besides phytate, corn and corn germ also add fiber and fat to diets, so it is important to know how fiber and fat affect calcium digestibility. Therefore, a second experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the values of ATTD and STTD of calcium obtained from cornstarch and corn based diets may differ, and to determine the effect of dietary fiber and fat on the ATTD and STTD of calcium in fish meal.

Keywords: 
Phytase, Dietary fat, Dietary fiber, Calcium digestibility
Authors: 
González-Vega, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Effects of microbial phytase on apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium supplements fed to growing pigs

Calcium supplementation is important for swine diets because most commonly used feed ingredients have low concentrations of calcium. In a typical corn-soybean meal diet for a growing pig, the corn and soybean meal contribute only about 16% of the total calcium, with the rest coming from supplements. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) values for calcium have not been reported for many common ingredients, and no values for the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of calcium have been reported. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the ATTD and STTD of calcium in five calcium supplements.

An additional objective was to test the hypothesis that inclusion of microbial phytase in the diets increases the ATTD and STTD of calcium. Results of previous research has indicated that inclusion of microbial phytase in swine diets often increases the digestibility of calcium, but the effect of phytase on the STTD of calcium in individual ingredients has not been reported.

Keywords: 
Monocalcium phosphate, Phytase, Dicalcium phosphate, Calcium digestibility, L. calcareum calcium, Sugar beet coproduct, Calcium carbonate
Authors: 
González-Vega, Stein, Walk
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Digestible phosphorus in canola meal, 00-rapeseed meal, and 00-rapeseed expellers without and with microbial phytase fed to nursery pigs

Maison, T. and H. H. Stein. 2014. Digestible phosphorus in canola meal, 00-rapeseed meal, and 00-rapeseed expellers without and with microbial phytase fed to nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):141 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Phosphorus digestibility, Canola meal, Phytase, 00-rapeseed meal, 00-rapeseed expellers
Authors: 
Maison, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of microbial phytase on apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium supplements fed to growing pigs

González-Vega, J. C., C. L. Walk, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Effects of microbial phytase on apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium supplements fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):36 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Monocalcium phosphate, Phytase, Dicalcium phosphate, Calcium digestibility, L. calcareum calcium, Sugar beet coproduct, Calcium carbonate
Authors: 
González-Vega, Stein, Walk
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility in corn–soybean meal diets fed to growing pigs

Almeida, F. N., A. A. Pahm, G. I. Petersen, N. R. Augspurger, and H. H. Stein. 2013. Effects of phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility in corn–soybean meal diets fed to growing pigs. Prof. Anim. Sci. 29:693-700. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acid digestibility, Energy digestibility, Phytase
Authors: 
Petersen, Pahm, Augspurger, AlmeidaFN, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Effects of including microbial phytase in diets fed to pigs and broilers

Lowell, J. E., M. Song, J. K. Mathai, and H. H. Stein. 2013. Effects of including microbial phytase in diets fed to pigs and broilers. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):121 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Growth performance, Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase, Bone ash
Authors: 
Mathai, Lowell, Stein, Song
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of a novel bacterial phytase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae on digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in diets fed to weanling or growing pigs

Almeida, F. N., R. C. Sulabo, and H. H. Stein. 2013. Effects of a novel bacterial phytase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae on digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in diets fed to weanling or growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 4:8. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase, Calcium digestibility
Authors: 
AlmeidaFN, Stein, Sulabo
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Determination of endogenous intestinal losses of calcium and apparent and true total tract digestibility of calcium in canola meal fed to growing pigs

When formulating diets for pigs, it is more accurate to use values for standardized or true nutrient digestibility than values for apparent nutrient digestibility because the former are additive in mixed diets. No values for standardized or true total tract digestibility of calcium in pigs have been reported. The true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of a nutrient is calculated by correcting apparently total tract digestibility (ATTD) by total endogenous losses, which may be estimated using a regression procedure. To our knowledge, no measurements of the endogenous loss of calcium in pigs have been reported. An experiment was, therefore,  performed to measure endogenous loss of calcium and to determine TTTD of calcium in growing pigs, and to investigate if  the addition of microbial phytase to the diets affects TTTD of calcium. In addition, calcium retention was measured in pigs fed diets containing varying levels of calcium with or without microbial phytase.

Keywords: 
Endogenous losses, Calcium, Apparent digestibility, True digestibility, Phytase, Calcium digestibility
Authors: 
González-Vega, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs of fermented and conventional soybean meal without and with microbial phytase

Rojas, O. J. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs of fermented and conventional soybean meal without and with microbial phytase. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1506-1512. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Phosphorus, Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase, Fermented soybean meal
Authors: 
Rojas, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn coproducts fed to pigs

Almeida, F. N. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn coproducts fed to pigs. J. Anim Sci. 90:1262-1269. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase, Corn co-products
Authors: 
AlmeidaFN, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Correct use of microbial phytase in diets fed to pigs

By Dr. Hans H. Stein

November, 2011

Microbial phytase is often used in diets fed to pigs because it is well established that the digestibility of phosphorus in many ingredients is increased if microbial phytase is used in the diet. The reason for this increase in digestibility is that microbial phytase has the ability to release some of the phosphorus that is bound in the phytate complex in many feed ingredients. Without phytase in the diet, most of the phytate-bound phosphorus is not digested by the pigs and is instead excreted in the manure.

Keywords: 
Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase
Authors: 
Stein
Publication Type: 
Current Comment

Effects of phytase on standardized total tract digestibility of P in copra expellers, palm kernel expellers, and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs

Almaguer, B. L., R. C. Sulabo, and H. H. Stein. 2011. Effects of phytase on standardized total tract digestibility of P in copra expellers, palm kernel expellers, and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1):187 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Phosphorus, Phosphorus digestibility, Alternative feed ingredients, Phytase, Copra expeller, Palm kernel expeller, Palm kernel meal
Authors: 
Almaguer, Stein, Sulabo
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn co-products

Corn contains approximately 0.26% phosphorus, but most of this phosphorus is bound to phytic acid, or phytate, and thus is not bioavailable to pigs because they lack the enzyme phytase. Corn-based diets can be supplemented with inorganic phosphorus to help meet pigs' phosphorus needs; however, rising costs of inorganic phosphorus makes this approach increasingly uneconomical. Helping pigs digest more of the phosphorus that naturally occurs in the diet could provide a cost-effective alternative to inorganic phosphorus supplementation while also helping to reduce the environmental burden of excreted phosphorus. An experiment was conducted to determine how adding graded levels of microbial phytase affected the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus in corn and corn co-products. From these data, regression equations were developed to predict the response to adding different levels of phytase to each ingredient.

Keywords: 
Phosphorus, Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase
Authors: 
AlmeidaFN, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Phosphorus digestibility and energy concentration of enzyme-treated and conventional soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Goebel, K. P., and H. H. Stein. 2011. Phosphorus digestibility and energy concentration of enzyme-treated and conventional soybean meal fed to weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 89:764–772. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Energy, Phosphorus, Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase, Enzyme-treated soybean meal
Authors: 
Goebel, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Effects of a novel phytase on phosphorus digestibility in corn-soybean meal diets fed to weanling and growing pigs

Almeida, F. N. and H. H. Stein. 2010. Effects of a novel phytase on phosphorus digestibility in corn-soybean meal diets fed to weanling and growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):861 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase
Authors: 
AlmeidaFN, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of graded levels of phytase on the apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn co-products

Almeida, F. N. and H. H. Stein. 2010. Effects of graded levels of phytase on the apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn co-products. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):378 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Phosphorus, Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase
Authors: 
AlmeidaFN, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Performance and phosphorus balance of pigs fed diets formulated on the basis of values for standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus

Almeida, F. N. and H. H. Stein. 2010. Performance and phosphorus balance of pigs fed diets formulated on the basis of values for standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus. J. Anim Sci. 88:2968-2977. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Phosphorus, Phytase, Endogenous phosphorus
Authors: 
AlmeidaFN, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Finding phosphorus solutions for weaned-pig diets

Almeida, F. N. and H. H. Stein. 2010. Finding phosphorus solutions for weaned-pig diets. Pages 24-25 in Pork Magazine, August 2010. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Weanling pigs, Phosphorus, Phytase
Authors: 
AlmeidaFN, Stein
Publication Type: 
Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and the use of phytase to address digestibility issues in pigs

Stein, H. H. 2010. Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and the use of phytase to address digestibility issues in pigs. In Proc. 46th Eastern Nutr. Conf., May 12-13, 2010, Guelph, Ontario. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Distillers dried grains with solubles, Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase
Authors: 
Stein
Publication Type: 
Conference proceedings

Effects of dietary concentration of P and microbial phytase on the digestibility of amino acids and energy by growing pigs

Pahm, A. A., G. I. Petersen, N. R. Augspurger, and H. H. Stein. 2009. Effects of dietary concentration of P and microbial phytase on the digestibility of amino acids and energy by growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (E-Suppl. 3):92 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Energy digestibility, Phosphorus, Phytase, Optiphos
Authors: 
Petersen, Pahm, Augspurger, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

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