Energy digestibility

Digestibility of energy, amino acids, and phosphorus in a novel source of soy protein concentrate and in soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Oliveira, M. S. and H. H. Stein. 2016. Digestibility of energy, amino acids, and phosphorus in a novel source of soy protein concentrate and in soybean meal fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94:3343-3352. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Xylanase responses on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, fiber and energy in growing pigs fed corn, 30% corn co-products and soybean meal based diets as influenced by microbial phytase and acclimatization period

Kiarie, E., Y. Liu, M. C. Walsh, H. H. Stein, and L. Payling. 2016. Xylanase responses on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, fiber and energy in growing pigs fed corn, 30% corn co-products and soybean meal based diets as influenced by microbial phytase and acclimatization period. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 2):112-113 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of exogenous xylanase on digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and energy and the concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in rice co-products fed to weanling pigs

Casas, G. A. and H. H. Stein. 2016. Effects of exogenous xylanase on digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and energy and the concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in rice co-products fed to weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 2):107 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of fiber, a direct-fed microbial, and feeding duration on ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by pigs

Jaworski, N. W., M. C. Walsh, and H. H. Stein. 2016. Effects of fiber, a direct-fed microbial, and feeding duration on ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 2):73-74 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Digestibility of energy in a novel source of soy protein concentrate and in soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Soybean meal is the main protein source used in diets for pigs in the United States, as well as most countries of the world, due to the high quality of the protein it provides. However, soybean meal also contains antinutritional factors that limit its use in weanling pig diets. Pigs do not secrete the enzyme needed for the hydrolysis of raffinose and stachyose, α-galactosidase, in the small intestine. Therefore, these oligosaccharides are not enzymatically digested, but are instead fermented in the small and large intestines. This results in decreased growth performance and increased incidence of diarrhea when fed to weanling pigs.

Oligosaccharides can be removed from soybean meal using an alcohol extraction process, creating soy protein concentrate. Soy protein concentrate has greater digestibility of most amino acids and greater concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) than soybean meal. A new source of soy protein concentrate called Nutrivance (Midwest Ag Enterprises Inc., Marshall, MN) has recently been introduced, which is produced using a process combining non-alcohol extraction and enzymatic treatment of soybean meal. The nutritional value of soy protein concentrate produced using this method has not been determined. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the concentrations of DE and ME in soy protein concentrate and to compare these values to DE and ME in soybean meal.

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Non starch polysaccharides, Energy digestibility, Fiber digestibility

Jaworski, N. W. and H. H. Stein. 2015. Nonstarch polysaccharide composition influences the energy value of grains and co-products. Page 262 in Proceedings of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Warsaw, Poland, August 31-September 4, 2015. Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effect of Sal CURB on digestibility of energy and nutrients by growing pigs

Liu, Y. and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effect of Sal CURB on digestibility of energy and nutrients by growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. s3):855-856 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of pelleting and extrusion on energy digestibility in pig diets containing different levels of fiber

Rojas, O. J., E. Vinyeta, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effects of pelleting and extrusion on energy digestibility in pig diets containing different levels of fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. s3):227-228 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Comparative efficacy of xylanases on energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed corn- or wheat-based diets

Kiarie, E., L. F. Romero, S. Arent, R. Lorentsen, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Comparative efficacy of xylanases on energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed corn- or wheat-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. s3):225 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effect of Sal CURB® on digestibility of energy, amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus in growing pigs

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) can be spread via contaminated feed. Treating PEDV-contaminated feed with formaldehyde has been shown to prevent infection in pigs that consume the feed. However, concerns have been raised about the effect of treatment with formaldehyde on the nutritional value of feedstuffs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of adding a formaldehyde-based feed disinfectant to the diet on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude protein, and amino acids, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy (GE), calcium, and phosphorus in nursery pigs.

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Effects of chemical, physical, or enzymatic treatments on concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy and on ATTD of energy, organic matter, and detergent fiber in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Rojas, O. J. and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effects of chemical, physical, or enzymatic treatments on concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy and on apparent total tract digestibility of energy, organic matter, and detergent fiber in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):135 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Effects of extrusion of corn and oats on the digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to pigs

Liu, Y., O. J. Rojas, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effects of extrusion of corn and oats on the digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):134-135 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Digestibility of energy and detergent fiber and digestible and metabolizable energy values in canola meal, 00-rapeseed meal, and 00-rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs

Maison, T., Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Digestibility of energy and detergent fiber and digestible and metabolizable energy values in canola meal, 00-rapeseed meal, and 00-rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93:652-660. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Effects of extrusion and pelleting on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets fed to pigs

Rojas, O. J. 2014. Effects of extrusion and pelleting on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets fed to pigs. Page 159 in XXX Curso de Especializacion FEDNA, Madrid, November 5-6, 2014. (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Energy digestibility in 23 sources of distillers dried grains with solubles fed to pigs

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a co-product of the ethanol industry and is often used as an economical source of energy and protein in swine diets. Conventional DDGS contains approximately 27% crude protein, 10% fat, 9% acid detergent fiber (ADF), and 25% (NDF). The concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in conventional sources of DDGS are approximately 3,500 and 3,350 kcal/kg, respectively. However, there is significant variation in the way different plants produce DDGS. For example, in recent years ethanol plants have begun extracting oil from DDGS to sell to the biodiesel industry. This results in DDGS with its fat content reduced to approximately 6 to 9%, which may result in lower concentrations of DE and ME.

If pigs are fed diets containing decreased levels of DE and ME relative to conventional DDGS, a reduction in growth performance may result. This would make DDGS a less economical feedstuff. An experiment was conducted to determine the variability of DE and ME in DDGS produced in and around Illinois.

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Effects of chemical, physical, or enzymatic treatments on concentration of DE and ME and on digestibility of energy, organic matter, and fiber in DDGS fed to growing pigs

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a co-product of the ethanol industry, is an affordable source of energy and protein in pig diets. DDGS contains more gross energy than corn, but the energy is less digestible because of the high concentration of insoluble fiber in DDGS. If the fiber in DDGS could be made more soluble with pretreatment, its feed value would be improved.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of physical, chemical, and enzymatic pretreatments on the concentrations of digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy and on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy, organic matter, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral (NDF) detergent fiber.

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Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in feed ingredients fed to sows and growing pigs

Lowell, J. E., Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in feed ingredients fed to sows and growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci 92(E-Suppl. 2):226 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to sows and growing pigs

Results of experiments in Europe have indicated that the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy and nutrients, as well as the concentration of digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy, is greater in gestating sows fed close to their maintenance requirement than in growing pigs allowed ad libitum access to feed.

However, no data from North America for the comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in sows and growing pigs have been reported. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to compare the digestibility of energy and nutrients in sows and growing pigs. A second objective was to develop equations to predict digestibility of energy and nutrients in sows from digestibility values obtained in growing pigs.

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Effect of novel fiber ingredients on ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients in semi-purified diets fed to growing pigs

Cervantes-Pahm, S. K. Y. Liu, A. Evans, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Effect of novel fiber ingredients on ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients in semi-purified diets fed to growing pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94:1284-1290. Link to full text (.pdf)

Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients and fermentability of dietary fiber in eight cereal grains fed to pigs

Cervantes-Pahm, S. K., Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients and fermentability of dietary fiber in eight cereal grains fed to pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94:841–849. Link to full text (.pdf)

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