Sorghum

Digestible and metabolizable energy in corn- or sorghum based diets may be improved by addition of a xylanase-cellulase enzyme mixture

Exogenous carbohydrases can be used in diets for pigs to increase digestibility of dietary fiber and energy in cereal grains and cereal co-products. The three main fibers in cereal grains and cereal co-products are arabinoxylans, cellulose, and mixed-linked beta glucans. The fermentability is different among these three types of fiber. Energy digestibility is often improved if xylanase is added to wheat-based diets, whereas positive responses to xylanase in corn-based diets have been difficult to demonstrate, indicating that fermentation of dietary fiber differs among ingredients. However, there is less information about effects of carbohydrases on digestibility of fiber and energy in sorghum-based diets. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that xylanase and cellulase improve the digestibility of energy and total dietary fiber in diets based on corn or sorghum with addition of high fiber co-products.

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PSIII-17 Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and corn fed to growing pigs

Espinosa Charmaine D., Lori L. Thomas, Robert D. Goodband, Hans H. Stein . 2019. PSIII-17 Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and corn fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, Volume 97, Issue Supplement_2, July 2019, Page 173. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

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Determining high-lysine sorghum amino acid digestibility and the effects on nursery pig performance

Lori L. Thomas, Robert D. Goodband, Charmaine D. Espinosa, Hans H. Stein, Jason C Woodworth, Mike D Tokach, Steve S Dritz, Joel M DeRouchey. 2019. Determining high-lysine sorghum amino acid digestibility and the effects on nursery pig performance. Journal of Animal Science, Volume 97, Issue Supplement_2, July 2019, Page 67. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

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Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs

Sorghum is used as an alternative to corn due to its lower cost and wide availability. However, conventional sorghum contains high concentration of tannin and phytate, which act as antinutritional factors. Use of microbial phytase may hydrolyze phytate and subsequently improve P absorption. High-lysine sorghum is a new variety of sorghum which may be comparable to other cereal grains and may serve as alternative to corn for pigs. However, there are at this point no data for effects of adding phytase to diets containing sorghum and no data to demonstrate the nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum.

Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg of microbial phytase improves the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in sorghum varieties. The second hypothesis was that the STTD of P, as well as concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in high-lysine sorghum is not different from that of corn and other sources of sorghum.

 

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Digestibility of amino acids, fiber, energy, and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in conventional and extruded yellow dent corn, wheat, and sorghum fed to growing pigs

Extrusion of cereal grains may be used to improve nutrient digestibility in cereal grains because addition of heat and pressure in combination with addition of moisture during the extrusion may gelatinize the starch, which results in an increase in starch digestibility. It is also possible that AA and energy digestibility are increased by the extrusion, but data to verify this hypothesis have not been published. Therefore, the objective of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that the ileal digestibility of AA and starch and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ADF, NDF, and GE as well as the concentrations of DE and ME in corn, wheat, and sorghum are increased by extrusion.

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Effects of microbial phytase on standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in hybrid rye, barley, wheat, corn, and sorghum fed to growing pigs

Until recently, rye has been less suitable for livestock feed than other cereal grains due to the risk of ergot contamination. However, recently developed hybrids are less susceptible to ergot contamination. There is limited information about the nutritional value of hybrid rye when fed to pigs.

In cereal grains, most of the phosphorus is bound to phytic acid, and is not available to pigs unless phytase is present. This is usually achieved by adding supplemental phytase, derived from microbes, to the diets. However, rye contains more intrinsic phytase than other cereal grains, so the phosphorus in rye may be more digestible. The addition of microbial phytase might also have less of an effect on phosphorus digestibility in rye than in other grains because of the high concentrations of intrinsic phytase in rye, but limited information about digestibility of phosphorus in rye has been reported.

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Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains

Jaworski, N. W., H. N. Lærke, K. E. Bach Knudsen, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains. J. Anim. Sci. 93:1103-1113. Link to full text (.pdf)

Digestible indispensable amino acid score and digestible amino acids in eight cereal grains

Cervantes-Pahm, S. K., Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Digestible indispensable amino acid score and digestible amino acids in eight cereal grains. Brit. J. Nutr. 111:1663-1672. Link to full text (.pdf)

Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients and fermentability of dietary fiber in eight cereal grains fed to pigs

Cervantes-Pahm, S. K., Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2014. Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients and fermentability of dietary fiber in eight cereal grains fed to pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94:841–849. Link to full text (.pdf)

Metabolizable energy and digestibility of carbohydrates in cereal grains fed to growing pigs

Cervantes-Pahm, S. K. and H. H. Stein. 2011. Metabolizable energy and digestibility of carbohydrates in cereal grains fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1):332-333 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Energy and nutrient concentration and digestibility in alternative feed ingredients and recommended inclusion rates

Stein, H. H. 2011. Energy and nutrient concentration and digestibility in alternative feed ingredients and recommended inclusion rates. In Proceedings of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians 42nd Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Determination of amino acid digestibility of corn, sorghum,and a corn-sorghum blend of dried distillers grains with solubles in growing pigs

Urriola, P. E., D. Hoehler, C. Pedersen, H. H. Stein, L. J. Johnston, G. C. Shurson. 2007. Determination of amino acid digestibility of corn, sorghum, and a corn-sorghum blend of dried distillers grains with solubles in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Suppl. 2):113 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn, sorghum, and a corn-sorghum blend distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and correlations with color scores

Urriola, P. E., D. Hoehler, H.H. Stein, C. Pedersen, G. C. Shurson. 2006. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn, sorghum, and a corn-sorghum blend distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and correlations with color scores. ADSA National Meeting. Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Use of distillers co-products in diets fed to swine.

Stein, H. H. 2008. Use of distillers co-products in diets fed to swine. Pages 79 - 97 in Using Distillers Grains in the US and International Livestock and Poultry Industries. Babcock, B. A., D. J. Hayes, and J. D. Lawrence, ed. Midwest Agribusiness Trade and Information Center, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.  Link to full text (.pdf)

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Amino acid digestibility of dried distillers grains with solubles, produced from corn, sorghum, and a corn-sorghum blend fed to growing pigs

Urriola, P. E., D. Hoehler, C. Pedersen, H. H. Stein, and G. C. Shurson. 2009. Amino acid digestibility of dried distillers grains with solubles, produced from corn, sorghum, and a corn-sorghum blend fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2574-2580. Link to full text (.pdf)