Fanelli, Natalia S., Hannah M. Bailey, Lía V. Guardiola, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Values for Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) Determined in Pigs Are Greater for Milk Than for Breakfast Cereals, but DIAAS Values for Individual Ingredients Are Additive in Combined Meals. The Journal of Nutrition, first published online, 2021. doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa398.
Breakfast cereals are usually consumed with milk as a breakfast meal. To meet requirements for amino acids (AA), higher quality proteins are needed to complement the protein in cereals to provide a meal that is adequate in all indispensable AA. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) method used to determine protein quality allows for calculation of the protein value of individual ingredients and mixed meals consisting of several proteins. Values for DIAAS are based on values for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA that are corrected for the basal endogenous loss of each individual AA, resulting in values defined as standardized ileal digestibility (SID). Values for SID of AA are additive in mixed meals because these values are independent of basal endogenous losses. Consequently, it is expected that DIAAS obtained for individual food ingredients are additive in a mixed meal, but data to demonstrate this have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that AA in milk complement AA in breakfast cereals to provide a balanced meal and that DIAAS in individual foods are additive in a combined meal.
Mathai, J. K., Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2017. Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS). Brit. J. Nutr. 117:490-499. Link to full text (.pdf)
C. Pedersen, C, J. S. Almeida, and H. H. Stein. 2016. Analysis of published data for standardized ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in soy proteins fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 3):340-343. Link to full text (.pdf)
Kiarie, E., Y. Liu, M. C. Walsh, H. H. Stein, and L. Payling. 2016. Xylanase responses on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, fiber and energy in growing pigs fed corn, 30% corn co-products and soybean meal based diets as influenced by microbial phytase and acclimatization period. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 2):112-113 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)
Guo, P. P., P. L. Li, Z. C. Li, H. H. Stein, L. Liu, T. Xia, Y. Y. Yang, and Y. X. Ma. 2015. Effects of post-harvest storage duration and variety on nutrient digestibility and energy content wheat in finishing pigs. Asian-Austr. J. Anim. Sci. 28:1488-1495. Link to full text (.pdf)
Rojas, O. J. and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effects of chemical, physical, or enzymatic treatments on concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy and on apparent total tract digestibility of energy, organic matter, and detergent fiber in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):135 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)
Liu, Y., O. J. Rojas, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Effects of extrusion of corn and oats on the digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):134-135 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)
Lowell, J. E., Y. Liu, and H. H. Stein. 2015. Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to sows and growing pigs. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 69:79-97. Link to full text (.pdf)
Pedersen, C. and H. H. Stein. 2010. Effects of liquid and fermented liquid feeding on energy, dry matter, protein and phosphorus digestibility by growing pigs. Livest. Sci. 134:59-61. Link to full text (.pdf)
Andersen, L. L., J. L. Snow, P. K. Ku, H. H. Stein, M. Allen, and N. L. Trottier. 2000. Ileal starch, apparent protein, and true protein digestibility of different corn hybrids fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 78(Suppl. 2):70 (Abstr.)
Stein, H. H., S. W. Kim, T. T. Nielsen, R. A. Easter. 2001. Standardized ileal protein and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs and sows. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2113-2122. Link to full text (.pdf)
Stein, H. H., S. Aref, and R. A. Easter. 1999. Comparative protein and amino acid digestibilities in growing pigs and sows. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1169-1179. Link to full text (.pdf)