Tryptophan

Supplementation of Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of dietary excess Leucine in corn protein when fed to weanling pigs. 

Mallea, Andrea P., and Hans H. Stein. 2023. Supplementation of Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of dietary excess Leucine in corn protein when fed to weanling pigs. XXXVIII Curso de especializacion FEDNA. Pag 329. Link to abstract.

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Supplementation of Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of dietary excess Leucine in corn protein when fed to weanling pigs

High protein corn protein (HPCP) is a corn co-product derived from the ethanol industry that contains between 40 and 50% crude protein, and therefore, may be used in diets for pigs as a source of amino acids (AA). However, such diets will contain more than twice as much Leu as recommended and there is a negative relationship between dietary Leu and brain synthesis of serotonin, which results in reduced feed intake of pigs fed diets containing excess Leu. There is also a reduced protein synthesis because of increased Val and Ile metabolism due to excess dietary Leu. As a consequence, pigs often have reduced growth performance if fed diets with high concentrations of HPCP. However, it may be possible to counteract the negative effects of the high Leu concentrations in corn co-products by adding crystalline sources of Trp, Val, and Ile to the diets and it may, therefore, be possible that HPCP can be used in diets without influencing growth performance or intestinal health of weanling pigs. Therefore, the hypothesis that HPCP may be used as the primary source of AA in diets for weanling pigs if diets are fortified with crystalline AA was tested. 

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Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs

Kwon, Woong B., Jose A. Soto, and Hans H. Stein. 2022. Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 100, 1–10. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab356. Link to full text. 

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Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

Kwon, W. B., J. A. Soto, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 61–62. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.103. Link to Abstract.

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Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs

Kwon, W. B., J. A. Soto, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 61. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.102. Link to Abstract.

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Optimal tryptophan:lysine Ratio for 25–40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles

Oliveira, M. S. F., J. K. Htoo, J. C. González-Vega, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Optimal tryptophan:lysine Ratio for 25–40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles. J.  Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 57–58. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.097. (Abstr.). Link to Abstract.

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Tryptophan can partially overcome negative effects of leucine in pig diets

Kwon, W. B., and H. H. Stein. 2020. Tryptophan can partially overcome negative effects of leucine in pig diets. National Hog Farmer, Online edition. Jan.

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Excess dietary leucine in diets for growing pigs reduces growth performance, biological value of protein, protein retention, and serotonin synthesis

Kwon, Woong B., Kevin J. Touchette, Aude Simongiovanni, Kostas Syriopoulos, Anna Wessels, and Hans H. Stein. 2019. Excess dietary leucine in diets for growing pigs reduces growth performance, biological value of protein, protein retention, and serotonin synthesis. Journal of Animal Science, 2019, 4282–4292. Link to full text.

Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan supplementation on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs

Tryptophan is an indispensable AA that is often limiting for growth in pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Tryptophan may act as a regulator of feed intake by enhancing serotonin signaling in the brain, because Trp is a precursor for serotonin. High Trp intake increases feed intake, and this is partly attributed to increased serotonin synthesis. Availability of dietary Trp in the brain is considered the rate-limiting step in hypothalamic serotonin synthesis. However, to be transported into the brain, Trp competes with other large neutral AA such as Val, Leu, Ile, Tyr, and Phe for a common transporter (L-type AA transporter 1) to cross the blood-brain barrier.

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Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan supplementations on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs.

Kwon, W. B., K. J. Touchette, A. Simongiovanni, K. Syriopoulos, A. Wessels, and H. H. Stein. 2019. Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan supplementations on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs. In: 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Sep. 9-12, 2019. Pages 303-304.

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Estimation of the ideal tryptophan:lysine ration in 10- to 20-kg pigs

Petersen, G. I. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Estimation of the ideal tryptophan:lysine ration in 10- to 20-kg pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(E-Suppl. 2):60 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Determination of Lys and Trp requirements in 10 to 20 kg pigs

Petersen, G. I. and H. H. Stein. 2011. Determination of Lys and Trp requirements in 10 to 20 kg pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):100 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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