Cristobal

Dietary supplementation of valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling pigs containing corn fermented protein

Mallea, Andrea P., Charmaine D. Espinosa, Su A Lee, Minoy A. Cristobal, Leidy J. Torrez‑Mendoza, Hans H. Stein. 2024. Dietary supplementation of valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets  for weanling pigs containing corn fermented protein.    J. Anim. Sci.

Soybean meal or crystalline amino acids in diets for growing pigs: Impact on diet net energy, pig growth performance, and nitrogen retention

Stein, Hans H. Jimena A. Ibagon, Minoy Cristobal. 2024. Soybean meal or crystalline amino acids in diets for growing pigs: Impact on diet net energy, pig growth performance, and nitrogen retention. Proc. 23nd Annual Midwest Swine Nutrition Conf. Danville, IN, Sep. 5, 2024. Pages 45-51.

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Diet protein concentration does not influence net energy

Cristobal, M., S. A Lee, and H. H. Stein. 2024. Diet protein concentration does not influence net energy. National Hog Farmer. On-line edition. Aug. 29, 2024. Link to full text.

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Effect of feeding intact protein from soybean meal instead of crystalline amino acids on energy and nitrogen balance by growing pigs

Cristobal, Minoy, Su A Lee, Leidy J. Torres-Mendoza, Andrea P. Mallea, Carl M. M. Parsons, Hans H. Stein. 2024. Effect of feeding intact protein from soybean meal instead of crystalline amino acids on energy and nitrogen balance by growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci Vol. 102, Suppl. S2. P 283 - 284. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.322. Link to abstract.

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Effect of feeding intact protein from soybean meal instead of crystalline amino acids on growth performance, protein synthesis, and immune response of growing pigs

Cristobal, Minoy, Su A Lee, Andrea P. Mallea, Leidy J. Torres-Mendoza, Jessica P. Acosta, Carl M. M. Parsons, Hans H. Stein. 2024. Effect of feeding intact protein from soybean meal instead of crystalline amino acids on growth performance, protein synthesis, and immune response of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci Vol. 102, Suppl. S2. P 45 - 46. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.054 Link to abstract.

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Supplementation of valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of dietary excess leucine in high protein corn protein when fed to weanling pigs

Mallea, Andrea P., Su A Lee, Minoy Cristobal, Leidy J. Torres-Mendoza, Hans H. Stein. 2024. Supplementation of valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of dietary excess leucine in high protein corn protein when fed to weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 102, Suppl. S2. P 34 - 35. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.041 Link to abstract.

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Nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy, standardized amino acid digestibility, and digestibility of phosphorus in a new variety of soybeans fed to chickens

The improvement of yield or oil content in soybean seeds, mainly through genetic modification, has often resulted in a decrease in protein concentration. However, a new genetic technology patented as Photoseed was used to develop a new variety of soybeans. By modifying genes involved in biosynthesis and storage of lipids, it was possible to increase the accumulation of lipid droplets and increase carbon capture. This resulted in soybeans that contain more oil, without negatively affecting crude protein concentration, compared with conventional soybeans. There is, however, no information about the nutritional value of the soybean meal produced from the Photoseed variety of soybeans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn), standardized amino acid (AA) digestibility, and apparent ileal P digestibility are not different in a soybean expeller (SBE) produced from a new variety of Photoseed soybeans compared with SBE produced from conventional soybeans.  

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Determination of TMEn, standardized amino acid digestibility, and phosphorus digestibility in soybean expellers produced from a new variety soybeans fed to chickens

Cristobal, M., J. Blair, P. L. Utterback, H. H. Stein, and C. M. Parsons. 2023. Determination of TMEn, standardized amino acid digestibility, and phosphorus digestibility in soybean expellers produced from a new variety soybeans fed to chickens. Poultry Sci. 102 (E-suppl. 1): 37. Link to abstract.

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Effect of Low Protein Diets Fed to Weanling Pigs on Growth Performance, Fecal Score, and Carcass Characteristics

Cristobal, Minoy A., Su A. Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Effect of Low Protein Diets Fed to Weanling Pigs on Growth Performance, Fecal Score, and Carcass Characteristics. J. Anim. Sci., Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Page 290, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.330. Link to abstract.

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Concentrations of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy, Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids, and Digestibility of Phosphorus in a New Variety of Soybeans Fed to Growing Pigs

Cristobal, Minoy A., Carl M. M. Parsons, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Concentrations of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy, Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids, and Digestibility of Phosphorus in a New Variety of Soybeans Fed to Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 51 - 52, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.056. Link to abstract.

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Evaluation of soybean expellers fed to growing pigs

Cristobal, M., S. A. Lee, and H. H. Stein. 2023. Evaluation of soybean expellers fed to growing pigs. National Hog Farmer, On-line edition, March 23, 2023.

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Amino acid digestibility in soybean meal and crystalline amino acid based diets fed to growing pigs

Soybean meal (SBM) is the major source of amino acids (AA) and energy in diets for swine throughout the world. However, due to the emergence of feed-grade crystalline AA, it is estimated that SBM usage by pigs has been reduced by at least 35% over the last 25 years. Reduction on concentration of SBM and increasing the use of crystalline AA in diets may impact the digestibility of crude protein (CP) and AA. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that diets containing corn, SBM, and crystalline AA have greater AA digestibility compared with corn and SBM diets.

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Standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in a new variety of soybeans fed to growing pigs

More than half of P in soybeans are bound to phytate which causes a low digestibility of P when fed to pigs. However, new varieties that have different characteristics are sometimes developed and an example is the Photoseed variety of soybeans that captures more carbon and sunlight leading to a more nutrient rich ingredient and a reduced footprint from crop production. There is, however, no information about the nutritional value of the soybean meal produced from the Photoseed variety of soybeans. Therefore, the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P is not different in soybean meal produced from Photoseed soybeans compared with control soybean meal when fed to pigs.

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Determination of DE and ME in a new variety of soybeans fed to growing pigs

Soybean meal is the principal amino acid (AA) source in diets for pigs and it also supplies a considerable amount of metabolizable energy close to what is found in corn. However, new varieties that have different characteristics are sometimes developed and an example of such a new variety is the Photoseed variety of soybeans that captures more carbon and sunlight leading to a more nutrient rich ingredient and a reduced footprint from crop production. There is, however, no information about the nutritional value of the soybean meal produced from the Photoseed variety of soybeans. Therefore, the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) are not different in soybean expellers produced from Photoseed soybeans compared with control soybeans when fed to pigs.

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Amino acid digestibility in a new variety of soybeans fed to growing pigs

Soybean meal is the principal amino acid (AA) source in diets for pigs, and it is recognized that the AA profile of soybean meal is superior to that of other oilseed meals. However, new varieties that have different characteristics are sometimes developed and an example of such a new variety is the Photoseed variety of soybeans that captures more carbon and sunlight leading to a more nutrient rich ingredient and a reduced footprint from crop production. There is, however, no information about the nutritional value of the soybean meal produced from the Photoseed variety of soybeans. Therefore, the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and AA, and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA are not different in soybean meal produced from Photoseed soybeans compared with control soybean meal when fed to pigs.

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A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs

Cristobal, Minoy, Jessica P. Acosta, Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2020, Vol. 98, No. 7, 1–9. doi:10.1093/jas/skaa200.

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Digestibility of energy and phosphorus and concentration of metabolizable energy in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains fed to growing pigs

Recently a high-protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDGS; ProCap DDGS, Marquis Energy, Hennepin, IL) was developed and the HP-DDGS has greater concentrations of CP and fat, but contains less fiber compared with conventional DDGS, which may affect the digestibility of energy and P and concentrations of DE and ME. There are, however, no data for the nutritional value of this new source of DDGS. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that concentrations of DE and ME, and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in HP-DDGS are greater than in conventional DDGS.

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Alternative nutrition strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea

Cristobal M., Su A Lee, L. Blavi and H. H. Stein. 2019. Alternative nutrition strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea. Farm Journals Pork. October 2019. Link to full text.

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Effect of decreasing protein levels in diets fed to weanling pigs on growth performance, fecal score, and carcass characteristics

Diarrhea is one of the main problems for pigs during the post-weaning period. Traditionally, antibiotic growth promoters have been used to control post-weaning diarrhea, but consumers are increasingly concerned about this practice and there is therefore an interest in feeding diets that contain no antibiotics. However, feeding pigs without antibiotic growth promoters requires alternative strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea, but feeding low protein diets may be one way to reduce the incidence of post-weaning diarrhea. However, there is a lack of knowledge about consequences of reducing the protein level in diets fed to weanling pigs.

Feeding low protein diets to pigs results in increased net energy in the diet, reduced water intake by pigs, and reduced nitrogen excretion. This will result in reduced volume of manure and also reduced concentrations of ammonium in manure. However, if formulation of low protein diets results in feeding diets with concentrations of indispensable AA that are below the requirements, deposition of protein in pigs may be greater and deposition of fat may be increased compared with pigs fed a diet containing higher level of protein. However, it is not known if feeding a diet low in protein to weanling pigs also results in changes in carcass characteristics of market pigs.

Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that feeding a low-protein diet to pigs during the post-weaning period will result in reduced diarrhea during this period, but no effects on growth performance from wean to finish and no changes in carcass composition of pigs when they reach market weight.

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