Hans H. Stein

Effects of copper hydroxychloride and dietary fiber on intestinal permeability, growth performance, and blood characteristics of nursery pigs

Most diets for weanling pigs contain highly digestible plant and animal proteins, but there is an increasing trend to include more fibrous co-products in diets for pigs due to reduced diet costs. However, feeding diets to nursery pigs with high concentration of dietary fiber may reduce nutrient digestibility, induce intestinal inflammation, and subsequently depress growth performance. Addition of 100 to 200 mg/kg of Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond C^II; Micronutrients USA LLC; Indianapolis, IN) to diets improves feed efficiency and reduces post weaning diarrhea in pigs. However, there are at this point no data to demonstrate the effect of Cu hydroxychloride on intestinal barrier integrity of pigs fed low-fiber or high-fiber diets, and it is not known if Cu hydroxychloride influences immune responses of pigs. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of 150 mg/kg of Cu from Cu hydroxychloride reduces intestinal permeability and subsequently improves growth performance of pigs fed diets without or with high concentration of dietary fiber.

Keywords:

Copper, Copper hydroxychloride, Dietary fiber, Growth performance, intestinal permeability, Pigs

Authors:

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Effects of copper hydroxychloride on growth performance and abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism of growing pigs

Supplementing Cu to diets fed to pigs at 100 to 250 mg/kg may reduce post-weaning scouring and also improve ADG and ADFI. Addition of Cu at 250 mg/kg in diets for pigs containing 5% animal fat improved growth performance, and it was speculated that this is due to the ability of Cu to improve animal fat utilization and enzymatic activity. Inclusion of 45 mg/kg of dietary Cu in diets for rabbits improved body mass gain by upregulating mRNA transcription of fatty acid transport protein, fatty acid binding protein, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, indicating that dietary Cu may influence post-absorptive metabolism of lipids. However, the effect of supplementing dietary Cu on post-absorptive lipid metabolism in pigs remains inconclusive. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of 150 mg/kg Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond C^II; Micronutrients USA LLC; Indianapolis, IN) to a diet based on corn, soybean meal (SBM), and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) improves growth performance of pigs, and that dietary Cu influences mRNA abundance of genes involved in post-absorptive metabolism of lipids in pigs.

Keywords:

Copper, Copper hydroxychloride, Gene expression, Growth performance, lipid metabolism, Pigs

Authors:

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PSIII-17 Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and corn fed to growing pigs

Espinosa Charmaine D., Lori L. Thomas, Robert D. Goodband, Hans H. Stein . 2019. PSIII-17 Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and corn fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, Volume 97, Issue Supplement_2, July 2019, Page 173. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Sorghum, pigs

Authors:

Espinosa, Thomas, Goodband, Stein

Publication Type:

herbal extracts mixture, Growth performance, FMDV, growing-finishing pigs

Effects of copper hydroxychloride and increasing concentrations of dietary fat on growth performance, total tract endogenous loss of fat, and apparent total tract digestibility of fat by growing pigs

Charmaine D. Espinosa, Robert Scott Fry, Matthew Kocher, Hans H. Stein. 2019. Effects of copper hydroxychloride and increasing concentrations of dietary fat on growth performance, total tract endogenous loss of fat, and apparent total tract digestibility of fat by growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, Volume 97, Issue Supplement_2, July 2019, Page 68. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Authors:

Espinosa, Fry, Kocher, Stein

Publication Type:

Determining high-lysine sorghum amino acid digestibility and the effects on nursery pig performance

Lori L. Thomas, Robert D. Goodband, Charmaine D. Espinosa, Hans H. Stein, Jason C Woodworth, Mike D Tokach, Steve S Dritz, Joel M DeRouchey. 2019. Determining high-lysine sorghum amino acid digestibility and the effects on nursery pig performance. Journal of Animal Science, Volume 97, Issue Supplement_2, July 2019, Page 67. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Lysine, Nursery pigs, Sorghum

Authors:

Thomas, Goodband, Espinosa, Stein, Woodworth, Tokach, Dritz, DeRouchey

Publication Type:

Phosphorus and energy digestibility of Fermex 200 (fermented soybean meal) fed to weanling pigs

Soybean meal (SBM) is one of the most important protein sources in swine diets. However, most P in SBM is bound to phytate, which increases inclusion of inorganic P in diets for pigs. Use of microbial phytase may hydrolyze phytate and subsequently improve P absorption. Fermex 200 (Purina Animal Nutrition, Shoreview, MN, USA) is a new source of fermented SBM that may serve as an alternative to other protein sources in diets fed to pigs. However, there are at this point no data for effects of adding phytase to diets containing Fermex 200 and no data for digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations of Fermex 200.

Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of 1,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of microbial phytase improves the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in conventional SBM and Fermex 200. The second hypothesis was that the STTD of P, as well as concentrations of DE and ME in Fermex 200 are greater than in conventional SBM.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Fermented soybean meal, Phosphorus, Phytase, Pigs

Authors:

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Digestibility of amino acids, energy, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and neutral detergent fiber, and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Espinosa Charmaine D., Su A. Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2019. Digestibility of amino acids, energy, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and neutral detergent fiber, and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. Transl. Anim. Sci. 2019.3:662–675. Link to full text

Keywords:

Amino acids, Digestibility, Distillers dried grains with solubles, Energy, pig

Authors:

Espinosa, Lee, Stein

Publication Type:

Effects of Fermex 200 (fermented soybean meal) on growth performance and amino acid digestibility by weanling pigs

Soybean meal (SBM) is one of the most important protein sources in swine diets. However, SBM has high concentrations of non-digestible oligosaccharides, mainly stachyose, raffinose, and verbascose, which may increase diarrhea incidence and reduce nursery growth performance. Fermex 200 (Purina Animal Nutrition, Shoreview, MN, USA) is a new source of fermented SBM that may serve as an alternative to other protein sources in diets fed to pigs. However, there are at this point no data for effects of Fermex 200 on growth performance and amino acid (AA) digestibility when fed to weanling pigs.

Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in Fermex 200 are greater than in conventional SBM. The second hypothesis was that Fermex 200 supports growth of weanling pigs as well as other protein sources.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Amino acids, Fermented soybean meal, Growth performance, Pigs

Authors:

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Effects of copper hydroxychloride and distillers dried grains with solubles on intestinal microbial protein concentration and digestibility of energy, crude protein, and acid hydrolyzed ether extract by growing pigs

The requirement for Cu for normal metabolism by weanling pigs is 5 to 6 mg/kg, but it is common practice to include additional Cu in diets for pigs to enhance growth performance. Several modes of action for the improved growth performance have been proposed, and one proposed mode of action is the ability of Cu to alter microbial activity. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) is improved if Cu hydroxychloride is supplemented to high fiber diets. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of 150 mg/kg of Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond C^II; Micronutrients USA LLC; Indianapolis, IN) to diets fed to growing pigs improves apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and ATTD of AEE, and the AID of crude protein. The second objective was to test the hypothesis that supplementing diets with Cu hydroxychloride can reduce the concentration of microbial protein in the small intestine or in the large intestine by pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS).

Keywords:

Copper, Copper hydroxychloride, Digestibility, microbial protein, Pigs, Volatile fatty acids

Authors:

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Copper Hydroxychloride Reduces the Need for Added Fat in Pig Diets

Espinosa, C. D., and H. H. Stein. 2019. Copper Hydroxychloride Reduces the Need for Added Fat in Pig Diets. Pork Magazine, April 1, 2019. Link to full text.

Keywords:

Copper hydroxychloride, Fat, pig, Diets

Authors:

Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Publication Type:

Hidroxichloruro de Cu como fuente alternative de cobre en la nutricion porcina

Blavi, L., C. D. Espinosa, and H. H. Stein. 2018. Hidroxichloruro de Cu como fuente alternative de cobre en la nutricion porcina. Nutrinews, Marzo. 2018. P. 48-56. Link to full text.

Keywords:

Hidroxichloruro de Cu, CU, pig, Feed

Authors:

Blavi, Espinosa, Stein

Publication Type:

Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Effect of copper hydroxychloride and heat stress on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and blood characteristics of weanling pigs

Espinosa, C., S. Fry, M. Kocher, and H. Stein. 2018. Effect of copper hydroxychloride and heat stress on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and blood characteristics of weanling pigs. 14th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs. Adv. Anim. Biosci. Volume 9, Issue S2, 9:S94-95. (Abstr.). Link to abstract

Keywords:

Copper hydroxychloride, Growth performance, Weanling pigs

Authors:

Espinosa, Fry, Kocher, and Stein.

Publication Type:

Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs

Sorghum is used as an alternative to corn due to its lower cost and wide availability. However, conventional sorghum contains high concentration of tannin and phytate, which act as antinutritional factors. Use of microbial phytase may hydrolyze phytate and subsequently improve P absorption. High-lysine sorghum is a new variety of sorghum which may be comparable to other cereal grains and may serve as alternative to corn for pigs. However, there are at this point no data for effects of adding phytase to diets containing sorghum and no data to demonstrate the nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum.

Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg of microbial phytase improves the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in sorghum varieties. The second hypothesis was that the STTD of P, as well as concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in high-lysine sorghum is not different from that of corn and other sources of sorghum.

Keywords:

Digestibility, Energy, Phosphorus, Growth performance, Pigs, Sorghum

Authors:

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Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review

Yanhong Liu, Charmaine D. Espinosa, Jerubella J. Abelilla, Gloria A. Casas, L. Vanessa Lagos, Su A. Lee, Woong B. Kwon, John K. Mathai, Diego M.D.L. Navarro, Neil W. Jaworski, Hans H. Stein. 2018. Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review. Anim. Nutr. 4:113-125. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords:

Acidifiers, Direct-fed microbials, Minerals, Plant extracts, Prebiotics

Authors:

Yanhong, Espinosa, Abelilla, Casas, Lagos, LeeSA, Kwon, Mathai, Navarro, Jaworski, Stein

Publication Type:

Amino acid digestibility, Distillers dried grains with solubles, High protein distillers dried grains with solubles

High-protein distillers dried grains with solubles produced using a novel front-end– back-end fractionation technology has greater nutritional value than conventional distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to growing pigs

Espinosa, C. D. and H. H. Stein. 2018. High-protein distillers dried grains with solubles produced using a novel front-end– back-end fractionation technology has greater nutritional value than conventional distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 96:1869-1876. Link to abstract

Keywords:

Authors:

Publication Type:

Distillers dried grains with solubles, High protein distillers dried grains with solubles, Amino acid digestibility, Energy digestibility, Digestible energy, Metabolizable energy

High-protein distillers dried grains with solubles produced using a novel front-end-back-end fractionation technology has greater nutritional value than conventional distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to growing pigs

Espinosa, C. D. and H. H. Stein. 2018. High-protein distillers dried grains with solubles produced using a novel front-end-back-end fractionation technology has greater nutritional value than conventional distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 2):174 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords:

Authors:

Publication Type:

Low fat distillers dried grains with solubles, Amino acid digestibility, Energy digestibility, Fat digestibility, Digestible energy, Metabolizable energy

Digestibility of amino acids, energy, fat, and fiber and digestible and metabolizable energy in low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Lee, S. A., C. D. Espinosa, and H. H. Stein. 2018. Digestibility of amino acids, energy, fat, and fiber and digestible and metabolizable energy in low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 2):172-173 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords:

Authors:

LeeSA, Espinosa, Stein

Publication Type:

Copper hydroxychloride improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea frequency of weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet

Espinosa, C. D., S. R. Fry, J. L. Usry, and H. H. Stein. 2018. Copper hydroxychloride improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea frequency of weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 2):131-132 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords:

Copper, Growth performance, Diarrhea

Authors:

Espinosa, Fry, Usry, Stein

Publication Type:

Copper hydroxychloride improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea frequency of weanling pigs fed a corn–soybean meal diet but does not change apparent total tract digestibility of energy and acid hydrolyzed ether extract

Espinosa, C. D., R. S. Fry, J. L. Usry, and H. H. Stein. 2017. Copper hydroxychloride improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea frequency of weanling pigs fed a corn–soybean meal diet but does not change apparent total tract digestibility of energy and acid hydrolyzed ether extract. J. Anim. Sci. 95:5447-5454. Link to abstract

Keywords:

Copper, Growth performance, Diarrhea, Energy digestibility, Fat digestibility

Authors:

Espinosa, Fry, Usry, Stein

Publication Type: