Hans H. Stein

Distillers dried grains with solubles, Growth performance, Corn germ

Inclusion of corn germ and corn distillers dried grains with solubles in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs

Lee, J. W. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Inclusion of corn germ and corn distillers dried grains with solubles in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(E-Suppl. 2):110 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Authors:

Lee, Stein

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Estimation of the ideal tryptophan:lysine ration in 10- to 20-kg pigs

Petersen, G. I. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Estimation of the ideal tryptophan:lysine ration in 10- to 20-kg pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(E-Suppl. 2):60 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Lysine, Ideal protein, Tryptophan

Authors:

Petersen, Stein

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Carbohydrate digestibility, Carbohydrates, Total dietary fiber

Nutritional value of carbohydrate sources fed to pigs

Cervantes-Pahm, S. K. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Nutritional value of carbohydrate sources fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(E-Suppl. 2):50 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Authors:

Cervantes-Pahm, Stein

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Amino acid digestibility, High protein soybeans, Low oligosaccharide soybeans, Full fat soybeans, Energy concentration

Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration in conventional, high protein, and low oligosaccharide varieties of full fat soybeans fed to growing pigs

Yoon, J. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration in conventional, high protein, and low oligosaccharide varieties of full fat soybeans fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(E-Suppl. 2):49 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

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Authors:

Yoon, Stein

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Energy concentration in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs

Soybean meal is a high quality source of protein for swine diets. Due to the growth in global production of pigs and poultry, demand for soybeans is increasing rapidly, outpacing production. Therefore, other sources of plant protein are sometimes used in diets to supply indispensable AA to the animals.

The most abundant oilseeds produced in the world, aside from soybeans, are cottonseed, canola seed (rapeseed), and sunflower seed. These oilseeds may be fed as de-oiled meals, or the full fat seeds can be fed to increase the energy concentration of the diet.

There are no recent data on energy digestibility in canola, cotton, and sunflower products. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to measure the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in canola seeds (CS), canola meal (CM), cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seeds (SFS), sunflower meal (SFM), and dehulled sunflower meal (SFM-DH), and to compare these values to the DE and ME in soybean meal (SBM).

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Sunflower meal, Digestible energy, Canola, Canola meal, Metabolizable energy, Cottonseed meal, Sunflower seeds

Authors:

González-Vega, Stein, Sulabo

Publication Type:

High protein soybeans, Low oligosaccharide soybeans, Full fat soybeans

Read more about Energy concentration in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs

Energy concentration and amino acid digestibility of high protein, low oligosaccharide, and conventional full fat soybeans fed to growing pigs

Soybean meal is the most commonly used protein source in swine diets in the United States. In addition to conventional soybeans, researchers have bred varieties of soybeans to meet various nutritional needs of pigs. For example, soybeans low in oligosaccharides have been developed for feeding to weanling pigs, who cannot digest the oligosaccharides in conventional soybeans and may suffer reduced performance and even illness as a result. High protein soybean varieties have also been developed.

Existing information on the nutritional value of high protein and low oligosaccharides soybean varieties in swine diets is incomplete. There is no difference in digestible energy, metabolizable energy, or digestibility of crude protein and amino acids between non-dehulled high protein full fat soybeans (FFSB-HP) and non-dehulled conventional full fat soybeans (FFSB-CV). There are, however, no data on the digestibility of protein, amino acids, and energy in dehulled FFSB-HP, although most soybeans are de-hulled prior to being used in diets fed to pigs. Similarly, there is no difference in digestible and metabolizable energy or amino acid digestibility between soybean meals produced from low oligosaccharide soybeans and conventional varieties, but there are no data on values for low oligosaccharide full fat soybeans (FFSB-LO).Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids as well as values for digestible and metabolizable energy in de-hulled conventional, high protein, and low oligosaccharide full fat soybeans.

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Authors:

Yoon, Stein

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Amino acid digestibility, Canola meal

Read more about Energy concentration and amino acid digestibility of high protein, low oligosaccharide, and conventional full fat soybeans fed to growing pigs

Amino acid digestibility in four sources of canola meal and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Due to the increasing demand for protein for livestock feeding, the interest in using canola meal in diets fed to swine is increasing. Canola meal is a product of the rapeseed plant, an abundant oilseed crop grown in Canada, the Northern United States, and parts of Europe. The oil is extracted for use in cooking and agriculture, leaving a high-protein meal that can be used in livestock feeding. Although the concentration of protein and amino acids and the amino acid profile of canola meal is less desirable than that of soybean meal, its relatively low cost may make it an attractive option for producers. Recently, new varieties of canola that contain more protein and less fiber have been selected. The de-oiled meals of these varieties have a concentration of crude protein that is close to that of de-hulled soybean meal. However, there is no information about the digestibility of amino acid in high protein canola meal when fed to pigs.

It has also been speculated that changes in the traditional pre-press solvent extraction oil removal procedure may improve the quality of canola meal. The traditional procedure involves use of heat to desolventise the de-oiled meal, but a new procedure allows for production of canola meal using a low-temperature procedure. There are, however, no comparative data between meals produced using the traditional high temperature procedure and meals produced using the low-temperature procedure.

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Authors:

Maison, Stein

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Read more about Amino acid digestibility in four sources of canola meal and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in corn, corn co-products, and bakery meal fed to growing pigs

With the prices of cereal grains rising, opportunities to reduce feed costs by using alternative ingredients are being explored. One source of alternative feed ingredients is co-products from the human food industries. However, little information has been published on the digestibility of energy in these ingredients. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the concentrations of digestible and metabolizable in hominy feed, bakery meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, and corn germ meal, and to compare these values with values obtained for corn and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS).

Keywords:

Energy digestibility, Digestible energy, Metabolizable energy, Corn gluten feed, Corn gluten meal, Hominy feed, Bakery meal, Corn germ meal

Authors:

Rojas, Stein

Publication Type:

Endogenous losses, Calcium, Apparent digestibility, True digestibility, Phytase, Calcium digestibility

Read more about Concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in corn, corn co-products, and bakery meal fed to growing pigs

Determination of endogenous intestinal losses of calcium and apparent and true total tract digestibility of calcium in canola meal fed to growing pigs

When formulating diets for pigs, it is more accurate to use values for standardized or true nutrient digestibility than values for apparent nutrient digestibility because the former are additive in mixed diets. No values for standardized or true total tract digestibility of calcium in pigs have been reported. The true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of a nutrient is calculated by correcting apparently total tract digestibility (ATTD) by total endogenous losses, which may be estimated using a regression procedure. To our knowledge, no measurements of the endogenous loss of calcium in pigs have been reported. An experiment was, therefore, performed to measure endogenous loss of calcium and to determine TTTD of calcium in growing pigs, and to investigate if the addition of microbial phytase to the diets affects TTTD of calcium. In addition, calcium retention was measured in pigs fed diets containing varying levels of calcium with or without microbial phytase.

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Authors:

González-Vega, Stein

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Phosphorus, Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase, Fermented soybean meal

Read more about Determination of endogenous intestinal losses of calcium and apparent and true total tract digestibility of calcium in canola meal fed to growing pigs

Digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs of fermented and conventional soybean meal without and with microbial phytase

Rojas, O. J. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs of fermented and conventional soybean meal without and with microbial phytase. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1506-1512. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Authors:

Rojas, Stein

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Evaluation of the nutritional value of sources of canola meal fed to pigs

Canola meal is produced from the rapeseed plant, a relative of broccoli and mustard. Natural rapeseed contains glucosinolates, which make feed unpalatable, and erucic acid, which is toxic to animals. These anti-nutritional factors are heat-stable, and therefore, cannot be removed by heat-treating rapeseed. Rapeseed, which is low in both glucosinolates and erucic acid, has been produced by hybridization, and is called canola in Canada and the United States and 00-rapeseed in Europe. Oil can be removed from canola and rapeseeds via solvent extraction or mechanically expelling. The solvent extraction process results in production of canola meal or 00-rapeseed meal and mechanical expelling of oil results in production of canola expellers or 00-rapeseed expellers.

The objective of this study was to compare the chemical compositions of canola meal from North America and 00-rapeseed meal from Europe and to compare the composition of 00-rapeseed meal and 00-rapeseed expellers. Ten samples of canola meal were collected from crushing plants in North America, and eleven samples of 00-rapeseed meal and five samples of 00-rapeseed expellers were collected from crushing plants in Europe. The samples were analyzed for energy, fat, sugar, starch, fiber, crude protein, amino acids, and minerals.

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Amino acids, Phosphorus, Calcium, Minerals, Starch, Canola meal, Dietary fat, Dietary fiber, Dietary crude protein, Energy concentration, Carbohydrates

Authors:

Maison, Stein

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Distillers dried grains with solubles, Growth performance, Field peas, Carcass quality, Pork quality

Read more about Evaluation of the nutritional value of sources of canola meal fed to pigs

Effects of replacing soybean meal with pea chips and distillers dried grains with solubles in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass quality, and pork palatability

Harris, E. K., E. P. Berg, T. C. Gilbery, A. N. Lepper, H. H. Stein, and D. J. Newman. 2012. Effects of replacing soybean meal with pea chips and distillers dried grains with solubles in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass quality, and pork palatability. Prof. Anim. Sci. 28:1-10. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Authors:

Berg, Newman, Harris, Lepper, Gilbery, Stein

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Phosphorus digestibility, Phytase, Corn co-products

Effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn coproducts fed to pigs

Almeida, F. N. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn coproducts fed to pigs. J. Anim Sci. 90:1262-1269. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Authors:

AlmeidaFN, Stein

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Amino acid digestibility, Distillers co-products, Corn co-products

Amino acid digestibility of corn distillers dried grains with solubles, liquid condensed solubles, pulse dried thin stillage, and syrup balls fed to growing pigs

Soares, J. A., H. H. Stein, V. Singh, G. S. Shurson, and J. E. Pettigrew. 2012. Amino acid digestibility of corn distillers dried grains with solubles, liquid condensed solubles, pulse dried thin stillage, and syrup balls fed to growing pigs. J. Anim Sci. 90:1255-1261. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Authors:

AlmeidaJAS, Shurson, Singh, Pettigrew, Stein

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Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Soybean meal fed to pigs

Stein, H. H. 2012. Soybean meal fed to pigs. White paper presented at the International Poultry Expo, Atlanta, GA, January 24-16, 2012. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Soybean meal

Authors:

Stein

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Comparative amino acid digestibility in blood products fed to weanling pigs

The U.S. slaughter industry produces blood co-products that may be used in diets for nursery pigs because of the high concentration and quality of protein they contain. The quality of protein in blood products can differ based on the processing techniques used. In particular, products which are heated to too high a temperature during processing can sustain heat damage to amino acids due to the Maillard reaction. Lysine is particularly susceptible to heat damage.

An experiment was performed to determine the comparative amino acid digestibility in five different blood products fed to weanling pigs. Three are spray-dried products, which are dried quickly at temperatures of up to 225˚C. Spray-dried animal blood (SDAB) is manufactured from whole blood containing an anticoagulant. Spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) is manufactured from blood which has had the plasma separated out by centrifugation. Spray-dried blood cells (SDBC) are the red blood cells left after plasma separation. In addition to the spray-dried products, two sources of blood meal were tested – one from an avian source (avian blood meal, or ABM) and one from a porcine source (porcine blood meal, or PBM). These blood meals were dried using drum driers instead of spraydriers.

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Amino acid digestibility, Spray dried plasma protein, Spray dried blood cells, Blood meal, Spray dried animal blood

Authors:

AlmeidaFN, Htoo, Stein, Thomson

Publication Type:

Amino acid digestibility, Feather meal

Read more about Comparative amino acid digestibility in blood products fed to weanling pigs

Comparative amino acid digestibility in feather meal fed to pigs

Hydrolyzed feather meal is a co-product of the rendering industry that can be used as a protein source in diets fed to pigs. However, the variability in quality and digestibility between different sources of hydrolyzed feather meal has limited its use in swine diets. An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent (AID) and the standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in four sources of hydrolyzed feather meal. Because blood is sometimes added to feather meal during processing, the experiment also evaluated the effects on crude protein and amino acid digestibility of the addition of blood to feather meal.

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Authors:

AlmeidaFN, Stein

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Dietary fiber, Fiber digestibility

Read more about Comparative amino acid digestibility in feather meal fed to pigs

Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in fibrous feed ingredients fed to Meishan and Yorkshire pigs

Urriola, P. E. and H. H. Stein. 2012. Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in fibrous feed ingredients fed to Meishan and Yorkshire pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:802-812. Link to full text (.pdf)

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Authors:

Stein, Urriola

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Growth performance, Fish meal, Fermented soybean meal, Chicken meal, Poultry by-product meal

Effects of replacing chicken meal or poultry by-product meal with fermented soybean meal in phase 1, phase 2, and phase 3 diets fed to weanling pigs

Animal proteins such as milk products, blood products, fish meal, chicken meal (CM), and poultry by-product meal (PBM) are usually used as amino acid sources in diets for weanling pigs because the nutrients in these ingredients are highly digestible and because they do not contain the anti-nutritional factors that are present in conventional soybean meal. Due to the cost of animal protein sources, other alternatives have been investigated. One alternative is soybean meal which has been fermented to destroy antinutritional factors and increase protein digestibility. Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) has been shown to be able to replace milk, blood proteins, and fish meal in diets fed to weanling pigs. However, there are no data on whether or not fermented soybean meal can replace chicken meal and poultry by-product meal. An experiment was, therefore, performed to test the hypothesis that fermented soybean meal can replace chicken meal and poultry by-product meal in diets fed to weanling pigs without negatively affecting growth performance.

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Authors:

Rojas, Stein

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