Sows

Exogenous xylanase increases digestibility of energy and fiber in diets for gestating and lactating sows

Exogenous enzymes may improve the fermentability of dietary fiber in swine diets by hydrolyzing non-starch polysaccharides into oligosaccharides and sugars. In particular, the enzyme xylanase hydrolyzes the β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds between the xylose units in the backbone of arabinoxylans in cereal grains and grain coproducts, resulting in the release of a combination of xylose, arabinose, and xylo-oligosaccharides from arabinoxylans that can be fermented by pigs. Previous data indicate that xylanase increased the degradation of dietary fiber and increased energy digestibility in diets for growing pigs; however, there are limited data for the impact of xylanase on energy and fiber digestibility in gestating and lactating sows. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that exogenous xylanase added to diets for gestating and lactating sows will increase the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and increase the concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) during two reproductive cycles.

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Energy, Fiber, Sows, Xylanase
Authors: 
Acosta, Espinosa, Gonzalez-Ortiz, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Effects of dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and 1-alphahydroxycholecalciferol on digestibility, retention of calcium and phosphorus, and concentration of metabolizable energy in diets fed to sows in late-gestation

Lee, Su A., and Hans H. Stein. 2022. Effects of dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and 1-alphahydroxycholecalciferol on digestibility, retention of calcium and phosphorus, and concentration of  metabolizable energy in diets fed to sows in late-gestation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 102: 184–188 (2022) dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0018. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Digestibility, Energy, Phosphorus, Sows, vitamin D supplementation
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Comparative digestibility of energy, dry matter, and nutrients by gestating and lactating sows fed corn-soybean meal diets without or with full fat or defatted rice bran

The physiological stage of pigs may influence total tract digestibility of nutrients because the digestibility of energy and some nutrients increases as body weight increases, but the impact of physiological stage may be greater for high-fiber diets than for diets with less concentration of fiber. Full fat rice bran (FFRB) and defatted rice bran (DFRB) are produced in the rice milling process and is available for animal feeding. However, because of the high concentration of dietary fiber, FFRB and DFRB may be better suited for diets fed to sows than for diets for weanling or growing pigs, but there is a lack of data on the digestibility of energy and nutrients in FFRB and DFRB fed to sows. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the null-hypothesis that the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and P in a corn-soybean meal diet and in diets containing FFRB or DFRB is not different between lactating sows and gestating sows if both groups are allowed to consume their diet on an ad libitum basis.

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Energy, Rice bran, Sows
Authors: 
Oliveira, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Calcium and phosphorus in late gestation.

Lee, Su A, and H. H. Stein. 2022. Calcium and phosphorus in late gestation. National Hog Farmer, On-line edition, January, 2022. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Phosphorus, Gestation, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Hybrid rye may replace up to 75% of the corn in diets for gestating and lactating sows without negatively impacting sow and piglet performance

McGhee, Molly L., Hans. H. Stein. 2021. Hybrid rye may replace up to 75% of the corn in diets for gestating and lactating sows without negatively impacting sow and piglet performance. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 9, 1–9. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab230. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
cereal grains, Corn, Hybrid rye, Sows
Authors: 
McGhee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Young Scholar Presentation: Digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients fed to gestating sows and growing pigs

Lee, Su A, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Young Scholar Presentation: Digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients fed to gestating sows and growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 111. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.188. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Phosphorus, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Dietary calcium decreases digestibility of phosphorus in late gestating sows, but blood biomarkers may be used to predict bone formation and resorption

Lee, Su A, Mike R. Bedford, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Dietary calcium decreases digestibility of phosphorus in late gestating sows, but blood biomarkers may be used to predict bone formation and resorption. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 105. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.179.(Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Phosphorus, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of concentration of calcium and phosphorus and 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-α-OH-D3) on digestibility and retention of calcium and phosphorus and concentration of digestible energy in diets fed to sows in late-gestation

Absorption of Ca and P by active transport in the small intestine is regulated by calcitriol, which is the active form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and the hormones calcitonin and PTH. One-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-α-OH-D3) is an active vitamin D3 analog that does not require the second hydroxylation step for vitamin D3 to be active. It is possible that supplementation of 1-α-OH-D3 may increase absorption of Ca and P.

The requirement for Ca and P by gestating sows increases in late gestation compared with early- and mid-gestation because of increased needs by the developing fetuses. It is also possible that dietary concentrations of Ca and P affect the rate of absorption of Ca and P in sows but data to demonstrate this have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that the Ca and P concentrations in diets fed to gestating sows in late gestation and supplementation of 1-α-OH-D3 affect apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and retention of Ca and P as well as the ATTD of GE and concentration of DE in diets. The second hypothesis was that there is an interaction between dietary Ca and P concentrations and supplementation of 1-α-OH-D3 in diets fed to gestating sows.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Phosphorus, Digestibility, Energy, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Increasing calcium from deficient to adequate concentration in diets for gestating sows decreases digestibility of phosphorus and reduces serum concentration of a bone resorption biomarker

Lee, Su A.,  L. Vanessa Lagos, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. Increasing calcium from deficient to adequate concentration in diets for gestating sows decreases digestibility of phosphorus and reduces serum concentration of a bone resorption biomarker. Journal of Animal Science, 2020,  Vol. 98: No. 3:1-8.

Keywords: 
biomarkers, Calcium, Digestibility, Phosphorus, Retention, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Lagos, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Digestibility, retention of Ca and P changes during gestation

Lee, Su A, and H. H. Stein. 2019. Digestibility, retention of Ca and P changes during gestation. National Hog Farmer. January 31, 2019. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Ca, P, Sows, Gestation, Feed
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Sows in mid-gestation have reduced digestibility and retention of calcium and phosphorus compared with growing pigs

Lee, S., C. Walk, and H. Stein. 2018. Sows in mid-gestation have reduced digestibility and retention of calcium and phosphorus compared with growing pigs. 14th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs. Adv. Anim. Biosci. Volume 9, Issue S2, 9:S193-194. (Abstr.). Link to abstract

Keywords: 
Sows, Gestation, Digestibility, Retention, Calcium, Phosphorus, Growing pigs
Authors: 
Lee, Walk, and Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Basal endogenous loss, standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium carbonate, and retention of calcium in gestating sows change during gestation, but microbial phytase reduces basal endogenous loss of calcium

Lee, Su A, L. Vanessa Lagos, Carrie L. Walk, and Hans H. Stein. 2019. Basal endogenous loss, standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium carbonate, and retention of calcium in gestating sows change during gestation, but microbial phytase reduces basal endogenous loss of calcium. J. Anim. Sci. 2019.97:1712–1721. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Digestibility, Phosphorus, Phytase, Retention, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Lagos, Walk, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

The effect of canola on reproductive performance in sows

Smiricky-Tjardes, M. R., D. N. Peters, and H. H. Stein. 2003. The effect of canola on reproductive performance in sows. J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 1):17 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Sows, Reproduction, Litter size, Canola, Canola meal
Authors: 
Smiricky-Tjardes, Peters, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effect of stage of lactation on colostrum and milk composition in multiparous sows

Mateo, C. D., H. H. Stein, M. R. Smiricky-Tjardes, and D. N. Peters. 2003. Effect of stage of lactation on colostrum and milk composition in multiparous sows. J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 2):67 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Sows, Lactation, Lactating sows, Colostrum, Milk, Total milk solids, Nitrogen
Authors: 
Smiricky-Tjardes, Mateo, Peters, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of WEANMOR® feed additive on sow and litter performance

Loughmiller, J. A., B. Hardy, E. Cerchiari, B. Christopherson, H. H. Stein, and K. Hugoson. 2002. Effects of WEANMOR® feed additive on sow and litter performance. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):160 (Abstr.)

Keywords: 
Sows, Minerals, WEANMOR, Stillborn piglets
Authors: 
Christopherson, Cerchiari, Loughmiller, Hardy, Hugoson, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

A technique for inserting a simple T-Cannula in the terminal ileum of pregnant sows

Stein, H. H. and R. A. Easter. 1996. A technique for inserting a simple T-Cannula in the terminal ileum of pregnant sows. J. Anim. Sci. 74(Suppl. 1):190 (Abstr.)

Keywords: 
Sows, Cannulation, Ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Easter, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effect of lysine intake on reproductive performance in first parity sows

Wilson, M. E., H. H. Stein, N. L. Trottier, D. D. Hall, R. L. Moser, D. E. Orr, and R. A. Easter. 1996. Effect of lysine intake on reproductive performance in first parity sows. J. Anim. Sci. 74(Suppl. 1):63 (Abstr.)

Keywords: 
Sows, Lactation, Lysine, Reproduction
Authors: 
Easter, Wilson, Hall, Moser, Orr, Stein, Trottier
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Formulating diets to reproducing and growing pigs using field peas

Stein, H. H. 2006. Formulating diets to reproducing and growing pigs using field peas. P 43-49 in Proc. 2nd joint meeting of the MPA of ND and NDPC. Fargo, ND, November 28-29, 2006. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Sows, Weanling pigs, Field peas, Growing pigs, Diet formulation
Authors: 
Stein
Publication Type: 
Conference proceedings

Comparative amino acid digestibilities in adult sows and growing pigs

Stein, H. H., 1997. Comparative amino acid digestibilities in adult sows and growing pigs. In: Proc. of Swine Summit '97. p. 74-79. Heartland Lysine Inc., Chicago, IL USA.  Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Sows, Amino acids, Digestibility, Amino acid digestibility, Growing pigs
Authors: 
Stein
Publication Type: 
Conference proceedings

Endogenous secretions of proteins and amino acids in pregnant and lactating sows

Stein, H. H. and R. A. Easter, 1997. Endogenous secretions of proteins and amino acids in pregnant and lactating sows. In: J. P. LaPlace, C. Fevrier, and A. Barbeau (ED). Digestive physiology in pigs. EAAP publ. No 88. p. 321-324. St. Malo, France.  Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Sows, Protein, Amino acids, Endogenous protein, Lactation, Lactating sows, Endogenous losses, Gestation
Authors: 
Easter, Stein
Publication Type: 
Conference proceedings

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