Standardized ileal digestibility

Effects of increasing dietary protein on standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in diets fed to growing pigs

Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) is affected by dietary AA levels because of different contributions of endogenous AA to the ileal digesta from pigs fed diets with different levels of AA. Because of the influence of dietary protein and AA on calculated values for AID, values for AID obtained in individual feed ingredients are not always additive in mixed diets. Therefore, values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA, which are corrected for the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA, are used in diet formulations to avoid the influence of endogenous AA on digestibility values, and SID values are, therefore, additive in mixed diets.

When the direct procedure is used to determine AA digestibility, diets containing cereal grains are sometimes formulated to contain AA below the requirement. In contrast, if the SID of oilseed meals or other protein-rich ingredients are determined, concentrations of AA may be at or above the requirement. Because the influence of the basal endogenous losses of AA is eliminated in the calculations of SID values, it is assumed that values for SID are not influenced by dietary concentrations of AA. However, to our knowledge this hypothesis has not been experimentally verified, but it is an important question because it may influence how diets used in digestibility experiments are formulated. Therefore, four experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the SID of AA by growing pigs is not influenced by dietary AA levels.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Casein, Digestibility, Protein, Soybean meal, Soy protein concentrate, Soy protein isolate, Standardized ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Effects of different watering options on standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in diets fed to growing pigs

Depending on how facility allows pigs to drink water, considerable amounts of feeds can be wasted, which may affect digestibility of nutrients by pigs. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that different watering options affect the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in a corn-soybean meal diet fed to growing pigs.

Keywords: 
Standardized ileal digestibility, Amino acids, Growing pigs
Authors: 
Lee, Rodriguez, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Sunflower expellers have greater ileal digestibility of amino acids than sunflower meal, but there are only minor variations among different sources of sunflower meal when fed to growing pigs

Ibagon, Jimena A., Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Sunflower expellers have greater ileal digestibility of amino acids than sunflower meal, but there are only minor variations among different sources of sunflower meal when fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Pigs, Standardized ileal digestibility, Sunflower expellers, Sunflower meal
Authors: 
Ibagon, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Effect of Spray Dried Plasma on the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Crude Protein and Amino Acids in Diets Based on Different Ingredient Combinations Fed to Young Pigs

Bailey, H. M., H. H. Stein, and J. Campbell. 2021. Effect of Spray Dried Plasma on the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Crude Protein and Amino Acids in Diets Based on Different Ingredient Combinations Fed to Young Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 80–81. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.132. Link to Abstract.

Keywords: 
Spray Dried Plasma, Standardized ileal digestibility, Crude protein, Amino acids, Pigs
Authors: 
Bailey, Stein, Campbell
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Ileal digestibility of amino acids in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Acosta Medellin, Jessica P., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 148. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.260. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Distillers dried grains with solubles, Amino Acid, Standardized ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Acosta Medellin, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Crystalline amino acids do not influence calculated values for standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients included in diets for pigs

Oliveira, Maryane S. F., Jerubella J. Abelilla, Neil W. Jaworski, John K. Htoo, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. Crystalline amino acids do not influence calculated values for standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients included in diets for pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2020, Vol. 98, No. 11, 1–8.  doi:10.1093/jas/skaa333.

Keywords: 
Amino acid digestibility, crystalline amino acids, Pigs, Standardized ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Oliveira, Abelilla, Jaworski, Htoo, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Excessive heating of 00-rapeseed meal reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

Oliveira, Maryane S. F., Markus K. Wiltafsky-Martin, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. Excessive heating of 00-rapeseed meal reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2020, Vol. 98, No. 7, 1–9. doi:10.1093/jas/skaa219. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
heat damage, Metabolizable energy, Maillard reaction, Rapeseed meal, Standardized ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Oliveira, Wiltafsky-Martin, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy in a heating double-low rapeseed meal fed to pigs

Oliveira, M. S. F., J. K. Htoo, M. K. Wiltafsky, J. C. Gonzalez-Vega, and H. H. Stein. 2019. Amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy in a heating double-low rapeseed meal fed to pigs. In: 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Sep. 9-12, 2019.

Keywords: 
Metabolizable energy, maillard reactions, Standardized ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Oliveira, Htoo, Wiltafsky, González-Vega, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn, sorghum, and a corn-sorghum blend distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and correlations with color scores

Urriola, P. E., D. Hoehler, H.H. Stein, C. Pedersen, G. C. Shurson. 2006. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn, sorghum, and a corn-sorghum blend distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and correlations with color scores. ADSA National Meeting. Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Distillers dried grains with solubles, Standardized ileal digestibility, Amino acid uptake, Sorghum
Authors: 
Shurson, Pedersen, Hoehler, Stein, Urriola
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Amino acid availability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: Terminology and application

de Lange, C. F. M., H. H. Stein, M. F. Fuller, P. J. Moughan, and B. Sève. 2006. Amino acid availability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: Terminology and application. 10th Intl. Symp. Digestive Phys. In Pigs. Vejle, Denmark, May 14-17, 2006. Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Standardized ileal digestibility, Endogenous losses, Apparent ileal digestibility, True ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Fuller, Moughan, De Lange, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Apparent, standardized, and true ileal digestibility of amino acids: What is the difference and practical significance?

Stein, H. H. 2006. Apparent, standardized, and true ileal digestibility of amino acids: What is the difference and practical significance? J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2):1 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Standardized ileal digestibility, Endogenous losses, Apparent ileal digestibility, True ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Apparent and standardized ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibility coefficients in four sources of dried distillers grain by growing pigs

Stein. H. H.  2004. Apparent and standardized ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibility coefficients in four sources of dried distillers grain by growing pigs. Ajinomoto-Novus Swine Summit, 2004 (Abstr.) Link to abstract (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Protein, Amino acids, Amino acid digestibility, Distillers dried grains with solubles, Standardized ileal digestibility, Apparent ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Digestible amino acids: Determination and use

Stein, H. H. 2003. Digestible amino acids: Determination and use. Page 231-257 in Proc. 64th Minnesota Nutr. Conf.  Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Amino acid digestibility, Standardized ileal digestibility, Endogenous losses, Apparent ileal digestibility, True ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Stein
Publication Type: 
Conference proceedings

Standardized ileal digestibility of reactive lysine in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Pahm, A. A., C. Pedersen, and H. H. Stein. 2009. Standardized ileal digestibility of reactive lysine in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:535-539. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Distillers dried grains with solubles, Standardized ileal digestibility, Reactive lysine, Maillard
Authors: 
Pedersen, Pahm, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Definition of apparent, true, and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs

Stein, H. H., M. F. Fuller, P. J. Moughan, B. Sève, R. Mosenthin, A. J. M. Jansman, J. A. Fernández, and C. F. M. de Lange. 2007. Definition of apparent, true, and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs. Livest. Sci. 109:282-285. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Standardized ileal digestibility, Apparent ileal digestibility, True ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Sève, Fuller, Moughan, De Lange, Mosenthin, Jansman, Fernández, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Additivity of values for apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in mixed diets fed to growing pigs

Stein, H. H., C. Pedersen, A. R. Wirt, and R. A. Bohlke. 2005. Additivity of values for apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in mixed diets fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2387-2395. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Amino acid digestibility, Standardized ileal digestibility, Apparent ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Bohlke, Pedersen, Wirt, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in gelatin-based diets by growing pigs

Petersen, G. I., M. R. Smiricky-Tjardes, and H. H. Stein. 2005. Apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in gelatin-based diets by growing pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 119:107-115. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Amino acid digestibility, Standardized ileal digestibility, Apparent ileal digestibility, Gelatin
Authors: 
Smiricky-Tjardes, Petersen, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Bioavailability: Amino acids

Nyachoti, C. M. and H. H. Stein. 2005. Bioavailability: Amino acids. Encyclopedia of Animal Science. Marcel Dekker Inc. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Amino acid digestibility, Standardized ileal digestibility, Bioavailability, Apparent ileal digestibility, True ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Nyachoti, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Standardized ileal protein and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs and sows

Stein, H. H., S. W. Kim, T. T. Nielsen, R. A. Easter. 2001. Standardized ileal protein and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs and sows. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2113-2122. Link to full text (.pdf)

Keywords: 
Sows, Amino acids, Digestibility, Protein digestibility, Amino acid digestibility, Standardized ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Easter, Kim, Nielsen, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles