Lee

Analyzed values for P and phytate in feed ingredients

Phytic acid is the main storage of P in plants, and most P in plant feed ingredients is bound in the phytate complex. Because pigs do not secrete phytase, an enzyme to hydrolyze inositol bonds in phytate, the utilization of P by pigs is very low. Addition of supplemental phytase to diets thus results in release of P and increases P utilization by pigs. However, all enzymes have a special recognition mechanism called specificity that works only with molecules that fit to active sites of the enzyme. Therefore, it is important to know how much of P is phytate-bound and how much of the P in a given diet is not phytate-bound.

Keywords: 
Phosphorus, phytate, Feed ingredients, Pigs
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Quantities of ash, Ca, and P in metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia are better correlated with total body bone ash in growing pigs than ash, Ca, and P in other bones

Lee, Su A, L. Vanessa Lagos, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Quantities of ash, Ca, and P in metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia are better correlated with total body bone ash in growing pigs than ash, Ca, and P in other bones. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 6, 1–6. doi:10.1093/jas/skab149.

Keywords: 
Bone ash, Calcium, Phosphorus, Pigs
Authors: 
Lee, Lagos, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Formulation of diets for pigs based on a ratio between digestible calcium and digestible phosphorus results in reduced excretion of calcium in urine without affecting retention of calcium and phosphorus compared with formulation based on values for total

Lagos, L. Vanessa, Su A Lee, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Formulation of diets for pigs based on a ratio between digestible calcium and digestible phosphorus results in reduced excretion of calcium in urine without affecting retention of calcium and phosphorus compared with formulation based on values for total calcium. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 5, 1–7. doi:10.1093/jas/skab138.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Digestible calcium, Phosphorus, Phytase, Pigs, Retention
Authors: 
Lagos, Lee, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids Is Greater in Sunflower Expellers Than in Sunflower Meal When Fed to Growing Pigs

Ibagon, J. A. S. A. Lee, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids Is Greater in Sunflower Expellers Than in Sunflower Meal When Fed to Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 86–87. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.140. Link to Abstract.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Sunflower expellers, Sunflower meal, Growing pigs
Authors: 
Ibagon, Lee, Stein.
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

The Ash in Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Tibia Is Better Correlated with Total Body Bone Ash Than the Ash in Other Bones of Growing Pigs

Lee, Su A, M. R. Bedford, and H. H. Stein. 2021. The Ash in Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Tibia Is Better Correlated with Total Body Bone Ash Than the Ash in Other Bones of Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 46–47. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.080. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Ash, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Tibia, Growing pigs
Authors: 
Lee, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Formulating diets based on digestible calcium instead of total calcium does not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics, but microbial phytase ameliorates bone resorption caused by low calcium in diets fed to pigs from 11 to 130 kg

Lagos, L. Vanessa, Su A Lee, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Formulating diets based on digestible calcium instead of total calcium does not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics, but microbial phytase ameliorates bone resorption caused by low calcium in diets fed to pigs from 11 to 130 kg. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 3, 1–11. doi:10.1093/jas/skab057.

Keywords: 
Bone ash, Calcium, Growth performance, Phytase, Pigs, Phosphorus
Authors: 
Lagos, Lee, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Net energy of U.S. soybean meal greater than previously estimated

Lee, Su A, D. A. Rodriguez, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Net energy of U.S. soybean meal greater than previously estimated. National Hog Farmer, On-line edition, March, 2021. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Group-housed Indirect Calorimeter, Net energy, Pigs, Soybean meal
Authors: 
Lee, Rodriguez, Stein
Publication Type: 
Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Determination of net energy in U.S. soybean meal fed to group-housed growing pigs

Soybean meal (SBM) is the major source of amino acids in diets for swine throughout the world. However, in addition to providing indispensable amino acids to diets, SBM also provides energy to the diets. Diets are often formulated based on the net energy (NE) in each individual ingredient using a linear programming computer software. Therefore, the NE for each ingredient is important for the value the ingredient is assigned in the formulation. However, the NE for SBM that is used by most feed formulators was generated many years ago, but results of recent research indicate that current U.S. SBM may provide more NE than previously estimated, which potentially results in an increased estimation of the value of SBM in diets for pigs. There is, therefore, a need for confirming or updating the NE value for SBM. As a consequence, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that the NE in U.S. SBM fed to modern genotypes of pigs is greater than the value that is currently used in feed formulation.

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Group-housed Indirect Calorimeter, Net energy, Pigs, Soybean meal
Authors: 
Lee, Rodriguez, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy and digestibility of phosphorus in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Cristobal Romero, Minoy A., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy and digestibility of phosphorus in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 187. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.331. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Distillers dried grains with solubles, Energy, Phosphorus
Authors: 
Cristobal Romero, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Ileal digestibility of amino acids in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Acosta Medellin, Jessica P., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 148. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.260. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Distillers dried grains with solubles, Amino Acid, Standardized ileal digestibility
Authors: 
Acosta Medellin, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Young Scholar Presentation: Digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients fed to gestating sows and growing pigs

Lee, Su A, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Young Scholar Presentation: Digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients fed to gestating sows and growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 111. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.188. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Phosphorus, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Dietary calcium decreases digestibility of phosphorus in late gestating sows, but blood biomarkers may be used to predict bone formation and resorption

Lee, Su A, Mike R. Bedford, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Dietary calcium decreases digestibility of phosphorus in late gestating sows, but blood biomarkers may be used to predict bone formation and resorption. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 105. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.179.(Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Phosphorus, Sows
Authors: 
Lee, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Effects of dietary amino acid concentration on digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal and soy protein concentrate fed to growing pigs

Lee, Su A, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Effects of dietary amino acid concentration on digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal and soy protein concentrate fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 65. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.118. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
dietary protein levels, pig, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Digestibility of energy and nutrients and concentration of metabolizable energy in soybean expellers and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Rodriguez, D., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2020. Digestibility of energy and nutrients and concentration of metabolizable energy in soybean expellers and soybean meal fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. 3): 64. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.116. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords: 
Pigs, Soybean expellers, Soybean meal
Authors: 
Rodriguez, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Abstracts

Concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs may be reduced by autoclaving soybean meal

Oliveira, M. S. F., M. K. Wiltafsky, S. A. Lee, K. W. Kwon, and H. H. Stein. 2020. Concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs may be reduced by autoclaving soybean meal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 114621. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Amino acid digestibility, Heat treatment, Metabolizable energy, Soybean meal, swine
Authors: 
Oliveira, Wiltafsky, Lee, Kwon, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Extrusion of soybean hulls does not increase digestibility of amino acids or concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

Rodriguez, Diego A., Su A Lee, María R. C. de Godoy, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. Extrusion of soybean hulls does not increase digestibility of amino acids or concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs. Transl. Anim. Sci. 2020.4:1-9. doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa169. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Extrusion, Feed Processing, Fiber, pig, Soybean hulls
Authors: 
Rodriguez, Lee, C. de Godoy, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in six sources of partially de-hulled sunflower meal and one source of sunflower expellers from Ukraine, Hungary, Italy, and the U.S. when fed to growing pigs

Sunflower meal, which is the co-product derived from sunflower seeds after oil extraction, has a high concentration of digestible amino acids (AA) and fiber. The nutritive value and quality of sunflower meal is partially dependent on the degree of dehulling, the variety of the sunflower, and the oil extraction process. Sunflower seeds are initially de-hulled and then partially de-oiled using a mechanial prepress procedure. A second de-oiling procedure is performed using a solvent extraction procedure or by usign a second mechanical expelling procedure. The prepress-solvent extraction procedure results in production of sunflower oil and sunflower meal that contains 1 to 3% oil, whereas the double-press procedure results in production of sunflower oil and a sunflower product that contains 5 to 10% residual oil and commonly is referred to as sunflower expellers. Some of the hulls may be added back to the sunflower meal or the sunflower expellers resulting in differences in concentrations of total dietary fiber among sources.

The apparent ileal digestibility and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and AA in individual sources of partially de-hulled sunflower meal fed to pigs have been reported. However, there are no comparative values for the SID of AA in sunflower meal produced in different parts of the world, and it is not known if the SID of AA in sunflower meal are different from those in sunflower expellers. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the SID of CP and AA in different sources of sunflower meal and sunflower expellers obtained from different countries.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Nutrient composition, Sunflower meal, Sunflower expellers, Pigs
Authors: 
Ibagon, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Nutrition Know-How: High-Shear Dry Soybean Expellers

Rodriguez, D. A., Su A Lee, and H. H. Stein. 2020. Nutrition Know-How: High-Shear Dry Soybean Expellers. Pork Magazine, On-line edition, Aug. 2020. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Soybean expellers, Pigs, Amino acids, Fiber digestibility, energy metabolims
Authors: 
Rodriguez, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Digestibility of amino acids, but not fiber, fat, or energy, is greater in cold-fermented, low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) compared with conventional DDGS fed to growing pigs

Rodriguez, Diego A., Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. Digestibility of amino acids, but not fiber, fat, or energy, is greater in cold-fermented, low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) compared with conventional DDGS fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2020, Vol. 98, No. 10, 1–8. doi:10.1093/jas/skaa297.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, cold fermentation, Digestibility, Distillers dried grains with solubles, Energy, Pigs
Authors: 
Rodriguez, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Intrinsic phytase in hybrid rye increases the digestibility of phosphorus in corn and soybean meal in diets fed to growing pigs

Archs Toledo, Joan L., Su A Lee, Molly L. McGhee, Gonzalo G. Mateos, and Hans H. Stein. 2020. Intrinsic phytase in hybrid rye increases the digestibility of phosphorus in corn and soybean meal in diets fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2020, Vol. 98, No. 10, 1–6. doi:10.1093/jas/skaa295. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Digestibility, Intrinsic phytase, microbial phytase, Phosphorus, pig, Rye
Authors: 
Archs Toledo, Lee, McGhee, Mateos, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

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