Pigs

Ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients in pig diets supplemented with a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase

The effect of microbial phytase on Ca and P digestibility in diets for pigs and poultry is well established. In poultry, it also appears that the effect of phytase in increasing amino acid (AA) digestibility is consistent, but that is not the case when phytase is added to diets for pigs. However, in many experiments, relatively low levels of phytase was used and it is not known if greater concentrations of phytase will result in a different result. A novel phytase has been recently developed; however, it is also not known if this phytase source can increase digestibility of AA and other nutrients. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of increasing levels of the novel phytase in diets for growing pigs increases the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and AA, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and minerals.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Gross energy, Minerals, Phytase, Pigs
Authors: 
Espinosa, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Growth performance of weanling pigs fed diets based on conventional corn or high-oil corn

Conventional breeding of corn has generated a new variety (i.e., high-oil corn) which is believed to contain greater concentrations of oil and crude protein than conventional corn. Indeed, results from digestibility experiments indicated that high-oil corn contained more standardized ileal digestible amino acids, digestible P, and metabolizable energy compared with conventional corn. It is, therefore, possible that the newly developed high-oil corn may improve pig growth performance, but data to demonstrate this are limited. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that high-oil corn improves growth performance of weanling pigs.

Keywords: 
Corn, Growth performance, high-oil corn, Pigs
Authors: 
Espinosa, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs

Kwon, Woong B., Jose A. Soto, and Hans H. Stein. 2022. Effects of dietary leucine and tryptophan on serotonin metabolism and growth performance of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 100, 1–10. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab356. Link to full text. 

Keywords: 
branched-chain amino acids, leucine, Pigs, serotonin, Tryptophan
Authors: 
Kwon, Soto, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Increased microbial phytase increased phytate destruction, plasma inositol, and feed efficiency of weanling pigs, but reduced dietary calcium and phosphorus did not affect gastric pH or fecal score and reduced growth performance and bone ash

Lagos, L. Vanessa, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Increased microbial phytase increased phytate destruction, plasma inositol, and feed efficiency of weanling pigs, but reduced dietary calcium and phosphorus did not affect gastric pH or fecal score and reduced growth performance and bone ash. J. Anim. Sci. 99: 12, 1-13. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab333.

Keywords: 
Bone ash, Calcium, inositol, Pigs, Phosphorus, Phytase
Authors: 
Lagos, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Long-term steam conditioning is needed to maximize the nutritional value of expander-processed soybean expellers

Espinosa, Charmaine D., Maryane S. F. Oliveira, Joseph R. Limbach, Natalia S. Fanelli, Markus K. Wiltafsky-Martin, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Long-term steam conditioning is needed to maximize the nutritional value of expander-processed soybean expellers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 101: 704–714 (2021) dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0029. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Digestibility, Heat treatment, Pigs, Soybean expellers
Authors: 
Espinosa, Oliveira, Limbach, Fanelli, Wiltafsky-Martin, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Growth performance of weanling pigs fed diets with spray-dried bovine plasma or hydrolyzed spray-dried bovine plasma

Spray-dried plasma protein is commonly used in weanling diets due its functional components and high concentration of digestible amino acids. Hydrolyzed spray-dried bovine plasma (H-SDBP) is a new source of spray-dried plasma protein that may be used as a protein source in diets for weanling pigs. There are, however, no data to demonstrate the efficacy of this novel source. Pigs fed diets spray-dried plasma protein have increased growth performance when exposed to a challenge model; therefore, it is possible that H-SDBP improves performance of challenged pigs similarly as other sources of spray-dried plasma protein. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary inclusion of H-SDBP is as effective as spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) in increasing growth performance of weanling pigs housed in uncleaned pens.

Keywords: 
bovine plasma, Growth performance, hydrolyzed bovine plasma, Pigs
Authors: 
Espinosa, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Effects of supplemental d-methionine in comparison to l-methionine on nitrogen retention, gut morphology, antioxidant status, and mRNA abundance of amino acid transporters in weanling pigs

Espinosa, Charmaine D., John K. Mathai, Laia Blavi, Yanhong Liu, John K. Htoo, J. Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Effects of supplemental d-methionine in comparison to l-methionine on nitrogen retention, gut morphology, antioxidant status, and mRNA abundance of amino acid transporters in weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 9, 1–10. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab248.

Keywords: 
Bioavailability, D-methionine, L-methionine, methionine, nitrogen retention, Pigs
Authors: 
Espinosa, Mathai, Blavi, Liu, Htoo, González-Vega, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Ca and P digestibility values aren’t accurate for formulating sow diets

Lee, Su A and H. H. Stein. 2021. Ca and P digestibility values aren’t accurate for formulating sow diets. Pork Magazine, On-line edition, Sep. 9, 2021. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Calcium, Phosphorus, Sow, Pigs, Diets, Digestibility
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Addition of hydrochloric acid to collection bags or collection containers did not change basal endogenous losses or ileal digestibility of amino acid in corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings fed to growing pigs

Lee, Su A, Laia Blavi, Diego M. D. L. Navarro, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Addition of hydrochloric acid to collection bags or collection containers did not change basal endogenous losses or ileal digestibility of amino acid in corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings fed to growing pigs. Animal Bioscience Vol. 34, No. 10:1632-1642 October 2021. doi.org/10.5713/ab.20.0838.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Collection, Digestibility, Hydrogen Chloride, ileal digesta, Pigs
Authors: 
Lee, Blavi, Navarro, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Digestibility of amino acids and concentration of metabolizable energy are greater in high-oil corn than in conventional corn when fed to growing pigs

Espinosa, C. D., N. S. Fanelli, H. H. Stein. 2021. Digestibility of amino acids and concentration of metabolizable energy are greater in high-oil corn than in conventional corn when fed to growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 280: 115040. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115040. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Corn, Digestibility, Energy High-oil, Pigs
Authors: 
Espinosa, Fanelli, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Sunflower expellers have greater ileal digestibility of amino acids than sunflower meal, but there are only minor variations among different sources of sunflower meal when fed to growing pigs

Ibagon, Jimena A., Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Sunflower expellers have greater ileal digestibility of amino acids than sunflower meal, but there are only minor variations among different sources of sunflower meal when fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No.

Keywords: 
Amino acids, Pigs, Standardized ileal digestibility, Sunflower expellers, Sunflower meal
Authors: 
Ibagon, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Growth performance and carcass quality are not different between pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented low-oil DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS, but pelleting improves gain to feed ratio regardless of source of DDGS

Rodriguez, Diego A.,  Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Growth performance and carcass quality are not different between pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented low-oil DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS, but pelleting improves gain to feed ratio regardless of source of DDGS. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 8, 1–8. doi:10.1093/jas/skab129.

Keywords: 
Carcass characteristics, Distillers dried grains with solubles, Growth performance, meal, Pelleting, Pigs
Authors: 
Rodriguez, Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Influence of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on mineral digestibility and bone ash in young growing pigs fed diets with different concentrations of phytate-bound phosphorus

Espinosa, Charmaine D., Maryane S. F. Oliveira, Deepak E. Velayudhan, Yueming Dersjant-Li, Hans H. Stein. 2021. Influence of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on mineral digestibility and bone ash in young growing pigs fed diets with different concentrations of phytate-bound phosphorus. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 8, 1–12. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab211.

Keywords: 
Bone ash, Digestibility, Growth performance, Phytase, phytate, Pigs
Authors: 
Espinosa, Oliveira, Velayudhan, Dersjant-Li, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Cheese Co-Product Offers High Nutritional Value for Weanling Pigs

Mallea, A. P., and H. H. Stein. 2021. Cheese Co-Product Offers High Nutritional Value for Weanling Pigs. Pork Magazine, On-line edition, Aug. 12, 2021. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
cheese, Pigs, Feed
Authors: 
Mallea, Stein
Publication Type: 
Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Reduced concentrations of limestone and monocalcium phosphate in diets without or with microbial phytase did not influence gastric pH, fecal score, or growth performance, but reduced bone ash and serum albumin in weanling pigs

Lagos, L. Vanessa, Su A Lee, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Reduced concentrations of limestone and monocalcium phosphate in diets without or with microbial phytase did not influence gastric pH, fecal score, or growth performance, but reduced bone ash and serum albumin in weanling pigs. Transl. Anim. Sci. 2021.5:1-10. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab115.

Keywords: 
Bone ash, dietary Ca and P, Fecal score, gastric pH, Pigs, Phytase
Authors: 
Lagos, Lee, Bedford, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Corn protein has greater concentrations of digestible amino acids and energy than low-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to pigs but does not affect the growth performance of weanling pigs

Acosta, Jessica P., Charmaine D. Espinosa, Neil W. Jaworski, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Corn protein has greater concentrations of digestible amino acids and energy than low-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to pigs but does not affect the growth performance of weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 7, 1–12. doi:10.1093/jas/skab175.

Keywords: 
Amino acid digestibility, corn protein, Distillers dried grains with solubles, Energy digestibility, Growth performance, Pigs
Authors: 
Acosta, Espinosa, Jaworski, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Effect of dietary crude protein level on growth performance, blood characteristics, and indicators of intestinal health in weanling pigs

Limbach, Joseph R., Charmaine D. Espinosa, Estefania Perez-Calvo, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Effect of dietary crude protein level on growth performance, blood characteristics, and indicators of intestinal health in weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 6, 1–14. doi:10.1093/jas/skab166. Link to full text.

Keywords: 
blood characteristics, Crude protein, Fecal score, Gene expression, Growth performance, Pigs
Authors: 
Limbach, Espinosa, Perez-Calvo, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Inclusion of dicopper oxide instead of copper sulfate in diets for growing–finishing pigs results in greater final body weight and bone mineralization, but reduced accumulation of copper in the liver

Blavi, Laia, David Solà, Alessandra Monteiro, J. Francisco Pérez, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Inclusion of dicopper oxide instead of copper sulfate in diets for growing–finishing pigs results in greater final body weight and bone mineralization, but reduced accumulation of copper in the liver. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 6, 1–8. doi:10.1093/jas/skab127.

Keywords: 
bone mineralization, Copper, copper oxide, copper sulfide, Growth performance, Pigs
Authors: 
Blavi, Solà, Monteiro, Pérez, Stein
Publication Type: 
Peer-reviewed journal articles

Relative bioavailability by nursery pigs of Zn in a new source of Zn-glycinate

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element that is needed for growth, bone development, and immune competence. Inorganic Zn sources such as Zn oxide and Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) are most commonly used in swine diets. However, because of low bioavailability of Zn the inorganic Zn sources chelated Zn sources may be used instead because these sources have greater bioavailability of Zn. Chelated zinc may also reduce reactiveness with other components of the diet. A new chelated Zn source, zinc bis-glycinate, in which Zn is bound to two glycine molecules, was recently developed, but there is limited information about effects of this new chelated Zn source on digestibility and Zn retention in pigs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the relative bioavailability by weanling pigs of Zn in Zn bis-glycinate is greater than in Zn mono-glycinate and in ZnSO4.

Keywords: 
Bioavailability, chelated minerals, Pigs, Zinc
Authors: 
Oliveira, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

Analyzed values for P and phytate in feed ingredients

Phytic acid is the main storage of P in plants, and most P in plant feed ingredients is bound in the phytate complex. Because pigs do not secrete phytase, an enzyme to hydrolyze inositol bonds in phytate, the utilization of P by pigs is very low. Addition of supplemental phytase to diets thus results in release of P and increases P utilization by pigs. However, all enzymes have a special recognition mechanism called specificity that works only with molecules that fit to active sites of the enzyme. Therefore, it is important to know how much of P is phytate-bound and how much of the P in a given diet is not phytate-bound.

Keywords: 
Phosphorus, phytate, Feed ingredients, Pigs
Authors: 
Lee, Stein
Publication Type: 
Research Reports

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