Net energy

Diet protein concentration does not influence dietary net energy by group housed growing pigs offered ad libitum access to feed

Cristobal, Minoy, Su A Lee, Andrea P. Mallea, Leidy J. Torres-Mendoza, Carl M. Parsons, and Hans H. Stein. 2024. Diet protein concentration does not influence dietary net energy by group housed growing pigs offered ad libitum access to feed. J. Anim. Sci. 102 (Suppl. 3): 250–251 (abstr.). doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.288 Link to abstract.

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Effects of high fiber on gas production and net energy in diets fed to group-housed pigs

Lee, S. A., D. A. Rodriguez, and H. H. Stein. 2024. Effects of high fiber on gas production and net energy in diets fed to group-housed pigs. In: 75th Annual Meeting of the EAAP, Florence, Italy, Sep. 1-5, 2024.

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Soybean meal or crystalline amino acids in diets for growing pigs: Impact on diet net energy, pig growth performance, and nitrogen retention

Stein, Hans H. Jimena A. Ibagon, Minoy Cristobal. 2024. Soybean meal or crystalline amino acids in diets for growing pigs: Impact on diet net energy, pig growth performance, and nitrogen retention. Proc. 23nd Annual Midwest Swine Nutrition Conf. Danville, IN, Sep. 5, 2024. Pages 45-51.

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Diet protein concentration does not influence net energy

Cristobal, M., S. A Lee, and H. H. Stein. 2024. Diet protein concentration does not influence net energy. National Hog Farmer. On-line edition. Aug. 29, 2024. Link to full text.

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Net energy of soybean meal

Stein. Hans H. 2024. Net energy of soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci Vol. 102, Suppl. S2. P 184. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.205 Link to abstract.

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Reduction of particle size of field peas increases net energy and digestibility of starch when fed to growing pigs

Ibagon, Jimena A., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein, Martin Nyachoti. 2024. Reduction of particle size of field peas increases net energy and digestibility of starch when fed to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci Vol. 102, Suppl. S2. P 97 - 98. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.109 Link to abstract.

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Effects of high fiber on gas production, nitrogen excretion, and net energy in diets fed to group-housed pigs

To reduce the cost of pork production, high-fiber ingredients are often used in diets, but an increase in the amount of dietary fiber in pig diets may have a negative impact on the digestibility of nutrients and energy. Carbon footprint from pork production is related to emissions of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane from pigs. Emission of gases may be correlated with the composition of feeds, and it is thus possible that feeding pigs with diets containing high-fibrous feed ingredients affects the gas exchange, which also impacts concentration of net energy (NE) in diets.

Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the null hypothesis that feeding pigs with a high-fiber diet does not affect gas production, N excretion, and NE in diets fed to group-housed pigs.

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Factors affecting net energy values of diets fed to group housed and ad libitum fed growing pigs

Stein, Hans H., Cristhiam J. Munoz, and Su A Lee. 2023. Factors affecting net energy values of diets fed to group housed and ad libitum fed growing pigs. XXXVIII Curso de especializacion FEDNA. Pag 213 - 223. Link to full text.

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Interactive Effects of Pelleting and Particle Size Reduction of Corn on net Energy and Digestibility of Nutrients in Corn-Soybean Meal Diets Fed to Group-Housed Pigs

Lee, Su A., Diego A. Rodriguez, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Interactive Effects of Pelleting and Particle Size Reduction of Corn on net Energy and Digestibility of Nutrients in Corn-Soybean Meal Diets Fed to Group-Housed Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 185–186, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.204. Link to abstract.

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Concentration of Net Energy in Corn without or with Microbial Phytase Fed to Group-Housed Pigs

Rodriguez, Diego A., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Concentration of Net Energy in Corn without or with Microbial Phytase Fed to Group-Housed Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 151–152, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.169. Link to abstract.

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Digestibility of energy and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy varies among sources of bakery meal when fed to growing pigs

Stein, Hans H., Olayiwola Adeola, Sung Woo Kim, Phillip S. Miller, Sunday A. Adedokun, and North Central Coordinating Committee on Swine Nutrition (NCCC-42).  2023. Digestibility of energy and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy varies among sources of bakery meal when fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 101, 1–9. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad297.

Effects of pelleting and particle size reduction of corn on digestibility of starch, amino acids, fibre and fat, and concentration of net energy in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

Lee, S. A., D. A. Rodriguez, C. B. Paulk, H. H. Stein. 2023. Effects of pelleting and particle size reduction of corn on digestibility of starch, amino acids, fibre and fat, and concentration of net energy in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs. Animal - science proceedings, Volume 14, Issue 7, Pages 857-858. doi: 10.1016/j.anscip.2023.09.041.

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Concentration of net energy in diets containing three different sources of field peas with different particle sizes fed to group-housed growing pigs

Field peas (Pisum sativum L.) are an annual season grain legume crop and are cultivated in areas that are too cold for the cultivation of soybeans. Market opportunities for field peas have increased in recent years, and the cost of cultivation is less for peas than for soybeans. The concentration of starch in field peas is less, but crude protein and amino acids are greater than in cereal grains. Therefore, in addition to providing amino acids, field peas also provide energy to swine diets, which is important because energy is the most expensive component in diets. As a consequence, it is important to determine the energy value of field peas. Agronomic practices, growing location, and differences among varieties may impact the nutritional properties of field peas, including energy digestibility. It was also observed that in-vitro energy digestibility of field peas was increased by reducing the particle size. However, there is no information on the effects of reducing particle size on concentrations of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), or net energy (NE) in field peas fed to group-housed pigs. Likewise, the digestibility of energy in field peas grown in the U.S. has not been compared with the digestibility of energy of field peas grown in Canada. Therefore, the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the particle size of field peas and the location where field peas were grown may affect the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and concentration of NE in field peas fed to growing pigs.  

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Concentration of net energy in corn without or with microbial phytase fed to group-housed pigs

Corn is the primary grain used in pig diets and provides most energy to the diets. Because energy is the most expensive component in diet formulation, it is critical to accurately determine energy concentrations in corn. Use of exogenous phytase in pig diets has been a standard and most phytase is expected to generate extra-phosphoric effects that result in increases in minerals, amino acid, or energy digestibility. Therefore, phytase companies have provided customers with matrix values that can be used for down specs of energy and nutrients in diet formulation. It is thus important to confirm if dietary phytase releases energy and other nutrients as suggested before using them. To our knowledge, however, there is no information on how much phytase can increase net energy (NE) in corn when fed to group-housed pigs. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that addition of microbial phytase to a corn-based diet increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and concentration of NE by group-housed growing pigs.

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Both pelleting and reducing particle size of corn increase net energy and digestibility of amino acids and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to growing pigs

Pelleting and reducing particle size of grains often improve nutrient digestibility by pigs. Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grains, and it is not known if improvements in nutrient digestibility obtained by reducing the particle size of grain and improvements obtained by pelleting are additive or if there are interactions between particle size reduction and pelleting. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting, separately or in combination, increase the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch, the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), N balance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), fiber, and fat, and net energy (NE) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to growing pigs.

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Effects of Different Watering Options on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and net Energy in Diets fed to Growing Pigs

Lee, Su A, Diego A. Rodriguez, Hans H. Stein. 2022. Effects of Different Watering Options on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and net Energy in Diets fed to Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 100, (Suppl. 3) 118, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.227. Link to full text.

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Determination of the net energy in soybean meal fed to group-housed pigs

Lee, Su A, D. A. Rodriguez, and H. H. Stein. 2022. Determination of the net energy in soybean meal fed to group-housed pigs. 15th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs. Animal - Science Proceedings 13(Issue 2): 178. Link to abstract.

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Effects of different watering options on net energy in diets fed to group-housed pigs

Depending on how facility allows pigs to drink water, considerable amounts of feeds can be wasted, which may affect digestibility of nutrients by pigs. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that different watering options affect concentration of net energy (NE) in a corn-soybean meal diet fed to growing pigs.

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