Digestibility

Interactive effects of reducing particle size and extrusion on energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy in corn fed to young pigs

Particle size reduction in cereal grains often results in an improved digestibility of starch due to increased surface area of grains, which subsequently increases the interaction with digestive enzymes. Improvement in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) upon particle size reduction has also been demonstrated in corn and a number of other ingredients when fed to weanling or growing-finishing pigs.

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In vitro digestibility of plant-based protein foods and ingredients using the INFOGEST workflow vs standardised values in growing pigs

Gomez-Marin, Cristina, Hans H. Stein, Natalia S. Fanelli, Beatriz Miralles, Isidra Recio. 2023. In vitro digestibility of plant-based protein foods and ingredients using the INFOGEST workflow vs standardised values in growing pigs. International Symposium Dietary Protein for Human Health. Utrecht, The Netherlands Sep 2023. Pag 90. Link to Abstract.

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Estimates of Requirements for Digestible Ca by Growing Pigs

Stein, H. H. 2023. Estimates of Requirements for Digestible Ca by Growing Pigs. Proc. 22nd Annual Midwest Swine Nutrition Conf. Danville, IN, Sep. 8, 2023. Pages 13-17. Link to full text.

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Does xylanase impact gestating, lactating sow digestibility?

Acosta, J. P., and H. H. Stein. 2023. Does xylanase impact gestating, lactating sow digestibility? National Hog Farmer. On-line edition. Dec. 21, 2023.

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Effects of Microbial Phytase on Standardized Total Tract Digestibility of Phosphorus in Feed Phosphates Fed to Growing Pigs

Lopez Diaz, Diego A., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Effects of Microbial Phytase on Standardized Total Tract Digestibility of Phosphorus in Feed Phosphates Fed to Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci., Volume 101, Issue Supplement_2, November 2023, Pages 114–115, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.127. Link to abstract.

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Effects of Different Protein Sources Containing Highly Digestible Phosphorus on the Basal Endogenous Loss of Phosphorus

Nelson, Megan E., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Effects of Different Protein Sources Containing Highly Digestible Phosphorus on the Basal Endogenous Loss of Phosphorus. J. Anim. Sci., Volume 101, Issue Supplement_2, November 2023, Pages 80–81. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.089. Link to abstract.

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Determination of TMEn, standardized amino acid digestibility, and phosphorus digestibility in soybean expellers produced from a new variety soybeans fed to chickens

Cristobal, M., J. Blair, P. L. Utterback, H. H. Stein, and C. M. Parsons. 2023. Determination of TMEn, standardized amino acid digestibility, and phosphorus digestibility in soybean expellers produced from a new variety soybeans fed to chickens. Poultry Sci. 102 (E-suppl. 1): 37. Link to abstract.

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Xylanase or a stimbiotic increased growth performance and total tract digestibility of nutrients in diets for weanling pigs, but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence pig growth performance after weaning

Acosta, Jessica P., and Hans H. Stein. 2023. Xylanase or a stimbiotic increased growth performance and total tract digestibility of nutrients in diets for weanling pigs, but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence pig growth performance after weaning. XXXVIII Curso de especializacion FEDNA. Pag 327. Link to abstract.

 

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Effect of Microbial Phytase on Digestibility of Phosphorus in Seven Sources of Sunflower co-Products Fed to Growing Pigs

Ibagon, Jimena A., Hans H. Stein, Charmaine D. Espinosa. 2023. Effect of Microbial Phytase on Digestibility of Phosphorus in Seven Sources of Sunflower co-Products Fed to Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 303–304, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.345. Link to abstract.

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Endosperm Hardness in Corn Affects the Digestibility of Energy and Fiber, and Increased Drying Temperature Reduces Amino Acid Digestibility

Espinosa, Charmaine D., Joaquin Cabañas-Ojeda, Edgar Oviedo-Rondon, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Endosperm Hardness in Corn Affects the Digestibility of Energy and Fiber, and Increased Drying Temperature Reduces Amino Acid Digestibility. J. Anim. Sci., Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 299–300, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.340. Link to abstract.

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Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Digestibility by Growing Pigs may be Reduced if Excessive Heat is Applied During Drying of Corn

Oliveira, Maryane Sespere Faria, Leidy J. Torres-Mendoza, Markus K. Wiltafsky-Martin, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Digestibility by Growing Pigs may be Reduced if Excessive Heat is Applied During Drying of Corn. J. Anim. Sci., Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 189–190, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.208. Link to abstract.

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Concentration of Net Energy in Corn without or with Microbial Phytase Fed to Group-Housed Pigs

Rodriguez, Diego A., Su A Lee, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Concentration of Net Energy in Corn without or with Microbial Phytase Fed to Group-Housed Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 151–152, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.169. Link to abstract.

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Concentrations of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy, Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids, and Digestibility of Phosphorus in a New Variety of Soybeans Fed to Growing Pigs

Cristobal, Minoy A., Carl M. M. Parsons, Hans H. Stein. 2023. Concentrations of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy, Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids, and Digestibility of Phosphorus in a New Variety of Soybeans Fed to Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Volume 101, Issue Supplement 2, Pages 51 - 52, doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.056. Link to abstract.

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Determination of digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for salmon proteins

Protein quality has relied on methods such as PDCAAS. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization has proposed a new method called DIAAS to better assess protein quality in human foods using the pig as a model. This shift is crucial, not only for optimizing diets, but also for understanding the nutritional value of protein-rich foods. According to the DIAAS method, protein claims can only be made for foods with a score above 75. In general, animal-based foods are considered high quality proteins with score above 75 or 100, being, in most cases, complete proteins that can complement lower quality proteins such as plant-based proteins. Meats, eggs, and fish are examples of high quality proteins, however, salmon proteins are also available, and use of by-products in human consumption has been increasing due to their nutritional value and versatility. Novel sources of salmon proteins such as salmon hydrolysate that may be used in human nutrition have been developed. Salmon hydrolysate proteins contain more than 68% crude protein (CP) and are highly digestible food ingredients, but limited information demonstrating the protein quality of these products is available. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for salmon proteins when fed to growing pigs.

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Digestibility of energy by gestating and lactating sows and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in diets containing pistachio shell powder or soybean hulls

California is a leading producer of pistachios in the United States and globally and it is estimated that annual production will reach 2.08 billion pounds in 2031. As a result, about 31.2 million pounds of shells will be produced after the nuts are processed for human consumption. Pistachio shells have been viewed as a waste product and are frequently disposed of using ecologically friendly practices. However, it is possible that pistachio shell powder can be used as a high fiber ingredient for swine. Specifically, gestating sows may benefit from the high fiber concentration in pistachio shell powder because this may increase satiety and reduce stress. However, at this time, there is no information about the nutritional value of pistachio shell powder when fed to sows. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in pistachio shell powder are not different from those in soybean hulls when fed to gestating sows. The second hypothesis was that the ATTD of GE and DE in pistachio shell powder are not different from those in soybean hulls when fed to lactating sows.

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Xylanase and a stimbiotic increased growth performance and total tract digestibility of nutrients in diets for weanling pigs, but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence pig growth performance

Arabinoxylans are the predominant fiber component in cereal grains and cereal co-products. They have a backbone of β-(1− 4) linked xylose units with side chains of arabinose, glucuronic acid, acetyl, and phenolic acids. Xylanase hydrolyzes the β-(1− 4) glycosidic bonds between xylose units in the backbone and releases a mixture of xylose and xylo-oligosaccharides that can be either absorbed or fermented by pigs. Previous data indicate that xylanase increased the degradation of dietary fiber and increased energy digestibility in diets for growing pigs and lactating sows. Xylo-oligosaccharides improve growth performance of nursery pigs because they serve as prebiotics that modulate gut microbiota. A stimbiotic (i.e., xylanase in combination with xylo-oligosaccharides) may improve growth performance of weanling pigs to a greater extent than either additive alone by shifting the intestinal microbiome to favor fiber fermentation. However, there are no data on possible effects of xylanase in sows diets on growth performance and intestinal health of the offspring or on the impact of the stimbiotic on digestibility of nutrients when fed to nursery pigs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that xylanase or a stimbiotic improves growth performance and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and total dietary fiber (TDF), and the concentration of digestible energy (DE) of diets for weanling pigs, but that the effect is greater in offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation than in offspring of sows not fed xylanase.

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Effects of source of calcium carbonate and microbial phytase on digestibility of calcium

It is important that the digestibility of Ca in Ca sources is known to formulate diets based on values for digestible Ca rather than total Ca. Only a small amount of the Ca required by pigs is provided by plant-based ingredients and supplementation of Ca from Ca phosphates and Ca carbonate, is usually required to meet the requirement by pigs. In addition, use of microbial phytase increases Ca digestibility in Ca carbonate, which is one of the major sources of Ca in pig diets.

Differences in Ca digestibility in 4 sources of Ca carbonate produced in the United States have been observed, but it is unknown if there are differences in the ATTD of Ca in calcium carbonate sources produced outside the United States. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that there are differences in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and in the response to microbial phytase among 20 sources of Ca carbonate obtained from different parts of the world.

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Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids differs among sources of bakery meal when fed to growing pigs

Stein, Hans H., Olayiwola Adeola, Samuel K. Baidoo, Merlin D. Lindemann, Sunday A. Adedokun, and North Central Coordinating Committee on Swine Nutrition. 2023. Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids differs among sources of bakery meal when fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 101, 1–10. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad208.

Metabolizable energy and apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients differ among samples of sunflower meal and sunflower expellers fed to growing pigs

Ibagon, Jimena A., Su A Lee, and Hans H. Stein. 2023. Metabolizable energy and apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients differ among samples of sunflower meal and sunflower expellers fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 101, 1–8. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad117. Link to full text.

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Effects of corn hardness and drying temperature on digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to growing pigs

Espinosa, Charmaine D., Joaquin Cabañas-Ojeda, Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón, and Hans H. Stein. 2023. Effects of corn hardness and drying temperature on digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 101: 1–9. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad124. Link to full text.

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