Hans H. Stein

Read more about Relative bioavailability by nursery pigs of Zn in a new source of Zn-glycinate

Analyzed values for P and phytate in feed ingredients

Phytic acid is the main storage of P in plants, and most P in plant feed ingredients is bound in the phytate complex. Because pigs do not secrete phytase, an enzyme to hydrolyze inositol bonds in phytate, the utilization of P by pigs is very low. Addition of supplemental phytase to diets thus results in release of P and increases P utilization by pigs. However, all enzymes have a special recognition mechanism called specificity that works only with molecules that fit to active sites of the enzyme. Therefore, it is important to know how much of P is phytate-bound and how much of the P in a given diet is not phytate-bound.

Keywords:

Phosphorus, phytate, Feed ingredients, Pigs

Authors:

Lee, Stein

Publication Type:

Read more about Analyzed values for P and phytate in feed ingredients

Effects of reducing the concentration of Ca and P and increasing microbial phytase on gastric pH, fecal score, plasma inositol, growth performance, and bone ash of weanling pigs

The limited capacity for weanling pigs to secret HCl in the stomach may be exacerbated by inclusion of ingredients with high acid binding capacity such as limestone and monocalcium phosphate. As a consequence, reducing the amount of these 2 ingredients in diets for weanling pigs may contribute to a stable low pH for proper pepsin activity and increased action of microbial phytase. Inclusion of high doses of phytase that results in increased phytate degradation and increased release of Ca, P, and inositol may also be beneficial to newly weaned pigs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that lowering dietary Ca and P reduces gastric pH and diarrhea of weanling pigs, but microbial phytase may overcome negative effects of low Ca and P on growth performance and bone ash.

Keywords:

Bone ash, dietary Ca and P, stomach pH, plasma inositol, Phytase, Weanling pigs

Authors:

Lagos, Stein

Publication Type:

Read more about Effects of reducing the concentration of Ca and P and increasing microbial phytase on gastric pH, fecal score, plasma inositol, growth performance, and bone ash of weanling pigs

Quantities of ash, Ca, and P in metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia are better correlated with total body bone ash in growing pigs than ash, Ca, and P in other bones

Lee, Su A, L. Vanessa Lagos, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Quantities of ash, Ca, and P in metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia are better correlated with total body bone ash in growing pigs than ash, Ca, and P in other bones. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 6, 1–6. doi:10.1093/jas/skab149.

Keywords:

Bone ash, Calcium, Phosphorus, Pigs

Authors:

Lee, Lagos, Bedford, Stein

Publication Type:

Amino acid digestibility, animal-based meat, Digestible indispensable amino acid score, plant-based meat, protein quality

Read more about Quantities of ash, Ca, and P in metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia are better correlated with total body bone ash in growing pigs than ash, Ca, and P in other bones

Digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) in beef or pork burgers are greater than in plant-based burgers

In the U.S. and most other developed countries, animal-based proteins provide a significant portion of the human diet. However, predictions for animal protein consumption indicates that consumption in Europe and North America will begin to decline by 2035 because plant-based proteins have become accepted as having an appearance, texture, and taste that is close to that of animal products. Examples of plant based proteins that are already on the market are plant-based burgers such as the Impossible Burger and the Beyond Burger, which are produced primarily from soy and pea protein, respectively. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) is recommended by FAO as the best method to determine protein quality in human foods. This method allows for calculation of the protein value of both individual ingredients and combined meals consisting of several proteins. Previous research in our laboratory demonstrated that values for DIAAS obtained in milk and breakfast cereals are additive in mixed meals, and the principle of additivity is believed to be applicable to all types of combined meals, but additional research to demonstrate this is needed. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to determine DIAAS values for animal and plant-based burgers and test the hypothesis that DIAAS calculated for a burger and a burger bun are additive in a combined meal.

Keywords:

Authors:

Fanelli, Bailey, Thompson, Delmore, Narayanan Nair, Stein

Publication Type:

Read more about Digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) in beef or pork burgers are greater than in plant-based burgers

Formulation of diets for pigs based on a ratio between digestible calcium and digestible phosphorus results in reduced excretion of calcium in urine without affecting retention of calcium and phosphorus compared with formulation based on values for total

Lagos, L. Vanessa, Su A Lee, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Formulation of diets for pigs based on a ratio between digestible calcium and digestible phosphorus results in reduced excretion of calcium in urine without affecting retention of calcium and phosphorus compared with formulation based on values for total calcium. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 5, 1–7. doi:10.1093/jas/skab138.

Keywords:

Calcium, Digestible calcium, Phosphorus, Phytase, Pigs, Retention

Authors:

Lagos, Lee, Bedford, Stein

Publication Type:

country of origin, Digestibility, Litopenaeus vannamei, nutritional quality, shrimp growth, Soybean meal

Read more about Formulation of diets for pigs based on a ratio between digestible calcium and digestible phosphorus results in reduced excretion of calcium in urine without affecting retention of calcium and phosphorus compared with formulation based on values for total

Soybean meal sourced from Argentina, Brazil, China, India and USA as an ingredient in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Galkanda-Arachchige, Harsha S. C., Hans H. Stein, D. Allen Davis. 2021. Soybean meal sourced from Argentina, Brazil, China, India and USA as an ingredient in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition. 2021;00:1–11. DOI: 10.1111/anu.13251. Link to full text.

Keywords:

Authors:

Galkanda-Arachchige, Stein, Davis

Publication Type:

Pelleting Process, crystalline amino acids, Sugars, Growing pigs

Effect of the Pelleting Process on Diet Formulations with Varying Levels of Crystalline Amino Acids and Reducing Sugars on Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Dunmire, K. M., D. A. Lopez, C. J. Fiehler, Y. Zhang, C. K. Jones, Y. Li, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, C. R. Stark, H. H. Stein, and C. B. Paulk. 2021. Effect of the Pelleting Process on Diet Formulations with Varying Levels of Crystalline Amino Acids and Reducing Sugars on Digestibility in Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 66–67. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.110. Link to Abstract.

Keywords:

Authors:

Dunmire, Lopez, Fiehler, Zhang, Jones, Li, Woodworth, Goodband, Tokach, Stark, Stein, Paulk.

Publication Type:

Soybean expellers, Pigs, Nutritional value

Conditioning and Expansion Increases Nutritional Value of Soybean Expellers

Espinosa, C. D., M. S. F. Oliveira, J. R. Limbach, N. Fanelli, M. Wiltafsky-Martin, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Conditioning and Expansion Increases Nutritional Value of Soybean Expellers. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 83–84. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.135. Link to Abstract.

Keywords:

Authors:

Espinosa, Oliveira, Limbach, Fanelli, Wiltafsky-Martin, Stein

Publication Type:

Spray Dried Plasma, Standardized ileal digestibility, Crude protein, Amino acids, Pigs

Effect of Spray Dried Plasma on the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Crude Protein and Amino Acids in Diets Based on Different Ingredient Combinations Fed to Young Pigs

Bailey, H. M., H. H. Stein, and J. Campbell. 2021. Effect of Spray Dried Plasma on the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Crude Protein and Amino Acids in Diets Based on Different Ingredient Combinations Fed to Young Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 80–81. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.132. Link to Abstract.

Keywords:

Authors:

Bailey, Stein, Campbell

Publication Type:

Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

Kwon, W. B., J. A. Soto, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 61–62. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.103. Link to Abstract.

Keywords:

valine, isoleucine, Tryptophan, leucine, corn protein, Growth performance, Growing pigs

Authors:

Kwon, Soto, Stein

Publication Type:

Optimal tryptophan:lysine Ratio for 25–40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles

Oliveira, M. S. F., J. K. Htoo, J. C. González-Vega, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Optimal tryptophan:lysine Ratio for 25–40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 57–58. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.097. (Abstr.). Link to Abstract.

Keywords:

Tryptophan, Lysine, Growing pigs, Diets, DDGS

Authors:

Oliveira, Htoo, González-Vega, Stein

Publication Type:

Hybrid Rye May Replace Corn in Diets for Nursery Pigs Without Negatively Affecting Average Daily Gain, but gain:feed May Be Reduced

McGhee, M. L., and H. H. Stein. 2021. Hybrid Rye May Replace Corn in Diets for Nursery Pigs Without Negatively Affecting Average Daily Gain, but gain:feed May Be Reduced. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 51–52. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.087. Link to Abstract.

Keywords:

Hybrid rye, Corn, Nursery pigs, Daily Gain

Authors:

McGhee, Stein

Publication Type:

The Ash in Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Tibia Is Better Correlated with Total Body Bone Ash Than the Ash in Other Bones of Growing Pigs

Lee, Su A, M. R. Bedford, and H. H. Stein. 2021. The Ash in Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Tibia Is Better Correlated with Total Body Bone Ash Than the Ash in Other Bones of Growing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1): 46–47. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.080. (Abstr.). Link to abstract.

Keywords:

Ash, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Tibia, Growing pigs

Authors:

Lee, Bedford, Stein

Publication Type:

Hybrid rye may replace corn in diets for growing-finishing pigs without influencing most carcass traits, but feed intake may be reduced at high inclusion rates

Hybrid rye may replace a portion of barley or wheat in diets for growing and finishing pigs with minimal impact on growth performance or carcass characteristics, but at very high inclusion rates in finishing diets, feed intake may be reduced if hybrid rye replaces wheat. However, limited published data exist for effects of feeding hybrid rye to growing-finishing pigs in place of corn. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that average daily gain (ADG) and carcass characteristics will not differ when hybrid rye partially replaces corn in diets for growing-finishing pigs.

Keywords:

Hybrid rye, Corn, Pigs

Authors:

McGhee, Stein

Publication Type:

Read more about Hybrid rye may replace corn in diets for growing-finishing pigs without influencing most carcass traits, but feed intake may be reduced at high inclusion rates

Digestibility of energy and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in a cheese co-product, fish meal, and enzyme treated soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Dried whey is often used as a source of lactose in diets for weanling pigs. Whey is a co-product from dairy processing plants that is generated after fat and protein in milk has been used to produce cheese. Whey powder is therefore, low in protein because the majority of the milk protein ends up in the cheese during processing. However, some of the cheese that is produced may not be suitable for human consumption, but can instead be used as a feed ingredient for pigs after being blended with other ingredients to improve flowability and handling. One of the cheese co-products that is currently being marketed contains 40 to 50% crude protein and has a high digestibility of amino acids. There is, however, limited information about the energy value of cheese co-products fed to pigs although it is expected that because of the high concentration of fat in cheese, the energy value will also be high. Therefore, it was the objective of this experiment to test the hypothesis that digestibility of energy and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in a cheese co-product is greater than that in fish meal and enzyme treated soybean meal when fed to weanling pigs.

Keywords:

Digestibility, cheese co-product, Fish meal, enzyme treated soybean meal, Pigs

Authors:

Mallea, Oliveira, Stein

Publication Type:

Read more about Digestibility of energy and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in a cheese co-product, fish meal, and enzyme treated soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Formulating diets based on digestible calcium instead of total calcium does not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics, but microbial phytase ameliorates bone resorption caused by low calcium in diets fed to pigs from 11 to 130 kg

Lagos, L. Vanessa, Su A Lee, Mike R. Bedford, and Hans H. Stein. 2021. Formulating diets based on digestible calcium instead of total calcium does not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics, but microbial phytase ameliorates bone resorption caused by low calcium in diets fed to pigs from 11 to 130 kg. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, Vol. 99, No. 3, 1–11. doi:10.1093/jas/skab057.

Keywords:

Bone ash, Calcium, Growth performance, Phytase, Pigs, Phosphorus

Authors:

Lagos, Lee, Bedford, Stein

Publication Type:

Digestibility, Group-housed Indirect Calorimeter, Net energy, Pigs, Soybean meal

Read more about Formulating diets based on digestible calcium instead of total calcium does not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics, but microbial phytase ameliorates bone resorption caused by low calcium in diets fed to pigs from 11 to 130 kg

Net energy of U.S. soybean meal greater than previously estimated

Lee, Su A, D. A. Rodriguez, and H. H. Stein. 2021. Net energy of U.S. soybean meal greater than previously estimated. National Hog Farmer, On-line edition, March, 2021. Link to full text.

Keywords:

Authors:

Lee, Rodriguez, Stein

Publication Type:

Extension Reports and other non-refereed publications

Nutrient digestibility and endogenous protein losses in the foregut and small intestine of weaned dairy calves fed calf starters with conventional or enzyme-treated soybean meal

Ansia, I., H. H. Stein, C. Brøkner, C. A. Hayes, and J. K. Drackley. 2021. Nutrient digestibility and endogenous protein losses in the foregut and small intestine of weaned dairy calves fed calf starters with conventional or enzyme-treated soybean meal. J. Dairy Sci. 104:2979–2995. doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18776.

Keywords:

Amino Acid, Digesta, digestive tract, microbial protein

Authors:

Ansia, Stein, Brøkner, Hayes, Drackley

Publication Type:

Read more about Nutrient digestibility and endogenous protein losses in the foregut and small intestine of weaned dairy calves fed calf starters with conventional or enzyme-treated soybean meal

Effect of reducing the concentration of limestone and monocalcium phosphate in diets without or with microbial phytase on gastric pH, fecal score, growth performance, and bone ash of weanling pigs

Weanling pigs have reduced secretion of HCl in the stomach needed for appropriate protein digestion. Therefore, acidifiers are sometimes used in weaning diets as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters because these products may create a favorable environment in the stomach for proper pepsin activity. However, the presence of limestone and monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in phase 1 diets, which have a high buffer capacity, may contribute to the inability for pigs to secrete enough HCl in the stomach, and lowering the inclusion level of these ingredients in starter diets may be beneficial to young pigs. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that reducing the amount of limestone and MCP in diets for weanling pigs, by lowering the concentration of dietary Ca and P and(or) by including microbial phytase in the diet, will reduce stomach pH and fecal score and therefore improve growth performance of pigs.

Keywords:

Bone ash, dietary Ca and P, Fecal score, gastric pH, Pigs, Phytase

Authors:

Lagos, Stein

Publication Type: